Term
| Goals of CXR Interpretation (3) |
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Definition
| Assist PT diagnosis, guide treatment, provide an outcome measure. |
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Term
| Why do we see anything on XRays? |
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Definition
| Density differences. Something dense is next to something less dense. |
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Term
| What is a silhouette sign? |
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Definition
| Disruptions in normal borders that should be showing up. ie: cardiophrenic angle absent. |
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Term
| What does a pneumothorax look like on XRay? Why? |
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Definition
| It will be darker, with no visible vasculature. Because air isn't very dense in comparison to the other materials on the film. |
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Term
| Why does the projection (anterior-posterior or posterior-anterior) matter? Which is more commonly seen? |
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Definition
| The P-A XRay is most commonly used, and is performed in the XRay dept. The projection could be significant, because on an A-P XRay (take while pt is laying in bed) will make heart and other landmarks look larger than a P-A film will because the organs are farther from the film and create a larger shadow. |
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Term
| What are the typical signs of volume loss? (significant atelectasis, lobar collapse) (3) |
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Definition
| Raised hemidiaphragm, change in orientation of a fissure, mediastinal shift. |
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Term
| What are the typical signs of of airspace disease? (consolidation, pulmonary edema) |
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Definition
| Increased density (fluffy, like a cotton ball). This can be localized or diffuse, and may result in sillhouette sign. |
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Term
| What are the typical signs of space occupying lesions? (tumor, pleural effusion, pneumothorax) |
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Definition
| Depressed hemidiaphragm, loss of costophrenic angle (fluid - effusion), decrease or increase in density. |
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Term
| What are the two most common causes of volume loss in the lung? |
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Definition
| significant atelectasis and lobar collapse |
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Term
| What are three examples of space occupying lesions? |
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Definition
| Tumors, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax. |
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Term
| What are the three important things to look at to determine the symmetry of patient position on an XRay film? |
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Definition
| Sternoclavicular space should be equal, rib spaces should be equal, and spinous processes should be in a nice line. |
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Term
| How do you assess inspiratory effort on a chest film? |
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Definition
| Rib visibility - good inspiration should allow you to see at least 8-9 ribs. Also, the clavicular angle can lend a clue as to if the patient is using accessory musculature. |
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Term
| What are the 4 most important things to look at in the bony skeleton, on chest film? |
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Definition
| 1.clavicles - angles, 2.scapulae should not be visible in rib space - they should be pulled off to the side, 3. rib spacing, structure and number visible, and 4. fractures. |
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Term
| What are the 7 soft tissue landmarks to look for on chest film? |
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Definition
1. Breast Shadows.
2. Subcutaneous tissues/emphysema
3. Trachea - position, and presense of an ET tube.
4. Heart - position, cardiophrenic angles, aortic knob.
5. Hilum position
6. Diaphragm - R side should be higher, look for gas bubbles on L, costophrenic angles
7. Other features - swelling, tumors, obesity. |
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Term
| What is the position of the heart in a normal chest film? |
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Definition
| a little bit of R border, big L border, aortic arch on the L above the heart. |
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Term
| Is a slightly blurry R costophrenic angle normal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The area of the lung where blood vessels and airways enter. |
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Term
| What does a normal diaphragm look like on an xray? |
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Definition
| R slightly higher than the L. Gas bubbles visible on L. Clear, pointy costophrenic angles. |
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