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cardiac
cardiac vvc
74
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
10/20/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
normal cardiac output
Definition
4-7lpm
Term
normal cvp
Definition
5-10
Term

what heart sounds do the aortic and

pulmonic valves make

Definition
s2
Term
during s1 are the atrium and ventricles in diastole or sytole?
Definition
ventricle systole atrial diastole
Term
where do you find the heart sounds?
Definition

aortic rsb 2is

pulmonic lsb 2is

tricuspid lsb 4is

mitral mcl 5th is

Term
where would you hear s3
Definition
between s1 and s2
Term
normal stroke volume
Definition
80-100ml/beat
Term

normal ef?

optimal?

Definition

40-60

60-80

Term
factors that affect preload?
Definition
elasticity,  volume, size of ventricle
Term
what is the biggest factor that affects afterload
Definition
arterial htn
Term
what can you do to lower afterload?
Definition
decrease bp
Term
how can we lower afterload without decreasing bp?
Definition
decrease volume
Term
abnormally low afterload could be caused by?
Definition
hemmorhage
Term
abnormaly high afterload is usually a result of
Definition
severe htn
Term
what could cause an abnormaly high afterload if the patient doesnt have chronic htn
Definition
severe hypervolemia can cause increased bp
Term
how can we create a high afterload
Definition
give vasoconstrictor levophed for people who have no bp and are dying
Term
what else could provide resistance to the left ventricle?
Definition
aortic valve
Term
what happens during systolic heart sound
Definition
the mitral valve closes and the slv's open
Term
what happens when you have chronic aortic stenosis?
Definition
they develop cardiomegally, they develop regurgitation, then they need an aortic valve replacement
Term
how to calculate ef
Definition

    sv*100

ef=   if        

Term
where would you find afterload to the right ventricle?
Definition
pulmonary artery
Term
three properties of electrical cells
Definition
automaticity, exitability, conductivity
Term
what direction does electricity flow through the heart?
Definition
superior to inferior and from right to left
Term

what percentage does atrial kick

provide to the heart?

Definition
up to 30%
Term
why is afib detrimental to cardiac output?
Definition
because there is no atrial kick
Term
normal rate from sa node?
Definition
60-100
Term
normal rate from av node?
Definition
40-60
Term
normal ventricular rate?
Definition
<40
Term
what does the right coronary artery feed?
Definition

right atrium

right ventricle

sa node

av bundle

posterior portion of left ventricle

 

Term

what does the left anterior ascending

artery feed?

Definition

anterior 2/3rds of the intraventricular septum

anterior and lateral left ventricle

Term
what does the circumflex artery feed?
Definition

left atrium

posterior left ventricle

Term
if the distal part of the left descending artery is blocked what will most likely develop?
Definition
left bundle branch block
Term

what does a sudden appearance of a

q wave equal

Definition
MI
Term
what is a normal p wave?
Definition
<0.12
Term
what is a normal pr interval?
Definition
0.12-0.20
Term
if the pr interval is consistantly ove 0.2 what is that?
Definition
1st degree av block
Term
what is a normal qrs?
Definition
<0.12
Term
if you have a qrs consistantly >0.12 what is that?
Definition
bundle branch block
Term
what is a normal qt interval?
Definition
0.32-0.44
Term
what is the first intervention with someone with bradycardia?
Definition
check to see if they are symptomatic
Term
what is the treatment if someone is symptomatic with bradycardia?
Definition

o2,decrease activity, atropine, transcutaneous

pacemaker @60, iv access

Term
what are signs of atrial tachycardia?
Definition

regular rhythm, hr>150, pwaves may not

be visable

Term
how do you treat atrial tachycardia?
Definition

beta blockers, cc blockers, cardiotonics,

carotid massage

Term
which drugs are used to treat ventricular and superventricular arrythias?
Definition
procanomide, amiodarone, adenosine
Term

which drug is onlly used to treat ventricular

arrythmias?

Definition
Lidocain
Term
what is cardioversion used for?
Definition
svt, ventricular stable vtach
Term

what is the difference betwen atrial tach

and sinus tach?

Definition
atrial has decreased cardiac output
Term
what is the normal rate for a tach
Definition
>150
Term
four reasons tachycardia is detrimental
Definition

decreased diastolic filling

decreased coronary artery perfusion

decreased myocardial tissue perfusion

increased myocardial oxygen demand

Term
why can pac's be forshadowing?
Definition
a-fib or a-flutter
Term
characteristics of afib?
Definition

irregular

no pwaves

no atrial kick

Term
what does afib put the patients at risk for?
Definition
blood clots
Term
treatment for a-fib?
Definition

blood thinners

dig

if brady arapaima, procanimide, amniodarone

Term
SVT characteristics
Definition

irregular

rate>150

 

Term
difference between a-tach and svt?
Definition
a-tach regular, svt irregular
Term
svt treatment
Definition
adenosine, cardioversion
Term
vtach with a pulse treatment
Definition

pericordial thump

ask patient to keep coughing

lidocaine, amiodarone, procanomide

cardioversion

Term
vfib treatment
Definition
defib, cpr intubate
Term
charateristics of ideoventricular rhythm
Definition

regular

no pwave

rate<40

wide and retrograde qrs

Term
characteristics of junctional rhythm
Definition

regular

no p wave

rate 40-60

Term

symptomatic patient with junctional

rhythm treatment

Definition

pacemaker

atropine or epinephrine

Term
how many pvcs per minute require treatment
Definition
6 or more
Term
treatment for pvc's
Definition
amniodarone, procainimide, lidocaine
Term
what is a run of four or more pvc's called
Definition
a run of vtach
Term
what foods are high in vitamin k
Definition
green tea, broccoli, cabbage, avocados
Term
how long for ckmb to rise?
Definition
4-6hrs
Term
how long for troponins to rise?
Definition
less than 4hrs
Term
ekg changes in zone of ischemia
Definition
t wave inversion
Term
ekg changes in zone of injury
Definition
st elevation
Term
ekg changes in zone of necrosis
Definition

abnormal q-wave

horse out of barn

Term
what are protocols for tpa
Definition

no bleeding disorders

no recent surgerys

chest pain had to have been in last 4hrs

age limits

Term
normal pap
Definition
25/10
Term
normal wedge pressure
Definition
12mmhg
Term
normal lvedp
Definition
5-10mmhg
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