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Cardiac & Vascular Disorders
Alteration in blood flow
12
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
03/17/2014

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Cards

Term
Thrombus (Stationary blood clot) etiology
Definition
Aggregated platelets, clotting factors, fibrin all adhere to vessel wall
Form in chambers of heart --> dysrhythmias & valve damage or replacement
Form in arterial or venous peripheral circulatory systems
Term
Thrombus risk factors
Definition
Dehydration
Drugs (Oral contraceptives, tobacco)
Slow blood flow
Increased turbulence
Damage to intima wall creating rough surface
Sedentary lifestyle/immobility
Term
Thrombus pathogenesis
Definition
Arterial: may reduce flow (turbulence), distal ischemia
Venous: clot alters venous return --> impairs removal of metabolic waste, produces swelling (edema), if inflammation of veins occurs (phlebitis) causing a thrombus = thrombophlebitis
Term
Thrombus clinical manifestations
Definition
Arterial: intermittent claudication, cool to touch, cyanotic, arterial ulcer (late)
Venous: may asymptomatic to life threatening (PE), calf or groin tenderness, swelling, increased skin temp., homan sign (10%)
Term
Thrombus treatment
Definition
Focus on prevention. Medical: oral or parenteral anticoagulants, drugs to block platelet aggregation, anti-embolic stockings, sequential compression devices (SCDs), early ambulation
Surgical: remove thrombus
Term
Emoblus (dislodged thrombus) etiology
Definition
From heart: from aorta in cerebral artery (stroke), From right heart (pulmonary embolism)
From deep veins of pelvis & lower extremities - pulmonary embolism
Other sources: fat, air, amniotic fluid, neoplasms, bacterial
Term
Embolus clinical manifestations
Definition
Cerebral vasculature: stroke
Pulmonary vasculature: sudden dyspnea, increased RR, chest pain, sudden death
Term
Embolus treatment
Definition
Embolectomy or filter
Term
Blood vessel obstrusctions: Vasospasm
Definition
Sudden constriction of smooth muscle
Angina
Cause unknown
Environmental factors: cold & stress
Term
Vasculitis
Definition
Inflammation of an artery
Reddened, tender streaks on skin
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflamed veins
Reddened, tender streaks on skin
Term
Blood vessel obstructions: mechanical compression
Definition
Trauma
Casts
Tight dressings
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