Term
|
Definition
| inactive until metabolized (usually by liver) |
|
|
Term
| Name two ACE inhibitors that are NOT prodrugs? what type of patients are they good for? |
|
Definition
captopril/lisinopril, patients w/ liver failure
(not metabolized by liver) |
|
|
Term
| enalapril is the only ACE inhibitor available in both _____ & oral forms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| captopril has a (short/long) half-life and must be taken (more/less) often |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ace inhibitor adverse reactions? |
|
Definition
| hyperkalemia, "ACE" cough, hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Before administering any hypertension medication always take which two vital sigs? |
|
Definition
| blood pressure, apical pulse |
|
|
Term
| What patient teachings are important for ACE inhibitos |
|
Definition
if K+ is high limit foods high in K+
get up slowly
first dose effect could last a few days
never stop meds w/o talking to Dr. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse reactions of ARB's |
|
Definition
| upper resp. infection, headache |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions of ARB's |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, litium, rifampin, K+ supplements and K+ sparing diuretics |
|
|
Term
| what class of drug is diltiazem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium Channel blockers are used for several indication, name 2? |
|
Definition
hypertension and angina are the primary uses
(also dysrhythmias, Raynaud's, migraines, coronary artery spasms) |
|
|
Term
| side effects/concerns for CCB's & what do you assess? |
|
Definition
perfusion-LOC
perfusion-kidney output
heart- respiratory rate & rythym
assess LOC, skin color, cap refill time, baseline vials, heart rate & rythym |
|
|
Term
| angiotension II receptor blockers may be better than ACE inhibitors for patients who are experiences dysrhythmias or ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of acetazolamide? |
|
Definition
| hypotension, hypovolemia, low urine output |
|
|
Term
| what labs to assess for acetazolamide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which diuretic is used to manage edema secondary to heart failure that has become resistant to other diuretics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraindication to CAI's (acetazolamide)? |
|
Definition
| hyponatremia, hypokalemia, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, acidosis, adrenal gland failure |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used for _____ & ______ |
|
Definition
| hypertension/ heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
edema due to heart failure, pulmonary edema, liver disease, ascites
(put on when other diuretics don't work) |
|
|
Term
| patients on furosemide will be put on what supplements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients on loop diuretics (furosemide) need to have frequent ______ perfomed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mannitol is only given by ____ and needs to be ______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug used for cerebral swelling and to reduce ICP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
mannitol is used for pulmonary edema? |
|
Definition
| False, loop diuretics are used. |
|
|
Term
| what drug is contraindication in patients with ACTIVE intercranial bleeding/hemorrhage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of mannitol? |
|
Definition
| seizure, chest pain, headache, pulmonary congestion |
|
|
Term
| Spironolactone (K+ sparing diuretic) used in high doses to treat _______. Other uses are hypertension and heart failure. |
|
Definition
ascites
(fluid in peritoneum; commonly assoc. w/ liver failure) |
|
|
Term
amiloride (K+sparing)
commonly used w/ other drugs in tx of ________? |
|
Definition
heart failure
(only has mild anti hypertensive properties) |
|
|
Term
| side effects of K+ sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
| hypotension, rebound hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| common side effect of hydrochlorothiazide? |
|
Definition
dizziness/ vertigo
(get baseline postural vitals, assess) |
|
|
Term
| Patients taking digoxin are at increased risk of toxicity with diuretics that result in the loss of _____. (electrolyte) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of diuretic poses more problems for the elderly and those w/ severe electrolyte loss and liver failure? |
|
Definition
| loop diuretics (more potent) |
|
|
Term
| Loop diuretics may cause _____ reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient has a K+ level exceeding 5.5 mEq/L what diuretic would be contraindicated? Also,what antihypertensive class would be contraindicated? What Misc. antihypertensive? (3 answers) |
|
Definition
K+ sparing,
ACE inhibitor (pril's)
eplerenone |
|
|
Term
| sodium nitroprusside is used in severe _________ emergencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| special storage considerations for sodium nitroprusside? what color is the solution if it is bad? |
|
Definition
fragile, wrap in foil, keep out of light.
brown, blue= bad b,b,b |
|
|
Term
| eplerenone blocks _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bosentan is used to treat _______ |
|
Definition
pulmonary artery hypertension
(central line patient, will be on monitor) |
|
|
Term
| Like bosentan drug also treats pulmonary artery hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug has a narrow therapeutic index 0.5-2 nanograms/mL |
|
Definition
Digoxin
(digoxin immune Fab: antidote if reaches toxic level) higher levels are used for a-fib. |
|
|
Term
| digoxin is used to treat _____ & _____ |
|
Definition
| systolic heart failure, a-fib |
|
|
Term
| Hold digoxin if ___________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ringing in ears, vomiting, vision issues |
|
|
Term
| Critical assessments for digoxin include: |
|
Definition
| vision, A&O, heart (chest pain), Kidneys (I/O) |
|
|
Term
| Three classes of drugs used to treat angina pectoris |
|
Definition
| nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers |
|
|
Term
Isosorbide monotitrate used for?
Is it short or long acting? |
|
Definition
| chronic angina/ long acting |
|
|
Term
| Nitroglycerin taken sublingual will be fast acting. What side effect could this cause |
|
Definition
| BP will drop, risk for falls, dizzy |
|
|
Term
| Report a systolic BP of less than ____ before administering any anti-angina med. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What HMG-COA inhibitor is most effective at reducing LDL's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| simvastatin side effects? |
|
Definition
| gi bloating, gas, muscle pain (myopathy) |
|
|
Term
| For simvastatin monitor __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Side effects for cholestyramine?
and what are some patient teaching to help? |
|
Definition
constipation, gas, bloating, nausea, belching
increase bulk, stool softeners |
|
|
Term
| (t/f) Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine) must not be taken at the same time as other drugs because of reduced absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug/vitamin increases the activity of lipase which breaks down lipids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What labs must be monitored with the use of warfarin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic INR for warfarin |
|
Definition
| 2-3.5 (depending on the reason for use) |
|
|
Term
| In taking warfarin which of these would be best to take Tylenol or NSAIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevention of DVT, thromboembolism, thromboplebitix.
valve-replacement
a-fib |
|
|
Term
| Name some benefits of enoxaparin over other anti-coagulants? |
|
Definition
| does not require labs, patients can take home, pre-measured syringe, short term |
|
|
Term
| a potentially deadly med error is to give heparin in combination with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient teaching for enoxaparin? |
|
Definition
how to administer pre-measured syringe
don't aspirate |
|
|
Term
Name that antidote....
heparin?
warfarin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monitor what lab value for therapeutic heparin treatement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Never aspirate heparin or a _____ may develop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fondaparinux is used for the prophalaxis and treatment of _____ & ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do not use aspirin in children/teens with flulike symptoms because this could indicate an occurrence of ______syndrome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thrombolyic used in the treatment of acute MI, PE, ischemic stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aminocaproic acid and desmopressin are used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you take thiazide? |
|
Definition
|
|
