Term
| common ques to cardiovascular problems |
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Definition
| fatigue, dyspnea, irregular heartbeat, CP, syncope, dizziness, edema |
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Term
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Definition
| form of arteriosclerosis that involves deposits of fat and cholesterol present by hardening arteries and decreases blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
| atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. |
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Term
| collateral circulation in CAD |
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Definition
| In phases of hypoxia, colladeral vessels grow creating alternate route for O2 to be delivered. This creates a greater chance of adequate circulation during an ishemic attack. This is why the younger the person, the more sever the MI. |
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Term
| a longitudinal study that came up with the risk factors of CAD |
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Definition
Farmingham mass. study.
-elevated cholesterol, elevated systolic bp and tobacco use. |
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Term
| nonmodifiable r/f for CAD |
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Definition
(highest among white middle aged men)
age, gender, ethnicity (AA), family hx, and genetics |
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Term
| modifiable major risk factors of CAD |
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Definition
elevated serum lipids(>200 for cholesterol & >150 for fasting triglyceride, #1 issue), hypertension, physical activity, obesity
contributing factors: DM, metabolic syndrome, psychologic states, homocysteine |
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Term
| what is THE most common problem in the elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diminished pedal pulses, resting heart rate decreases due to decreased cardiac output, stress test will have a less increase in <3 rate, <3 valve rigidity, dysrhythmias are more common & arterioscelorsis |
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Term
| clinical manifestation of C/v issues: |
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Definition
angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrone, and sudden cardiac death :-(
**there may be no clinical manifestation for a long time |
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Term
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Definition
"chest pain", transiet myocardial ischemia
*usually subsides when precipitating factors are relieved
**SHOULD NOT PERSIST FOR MORE THAN 20 MINUTES (after 20minutes, there is <3 muscle damage) BAD STUFF |
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Term
| process of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
1. fatty streak: lipid filled smooth muscle cells, can start by age 15
2. fibrous plaque: causing proliferation and thickening of the artierial wall with collagen forming a fibrious plaque
3. Complicated lesions: fibrous plaque grows, inflames, plaaque instability l/t ulceration and rupture...including platelets, fibrin, and lipids |
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Term
| T or F: C reactive protein, a nonspecific marker of inflammmation, is increased in many patients with CAD? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. stable classic
2. unstable
3.prinzmetals
4. nocturnal angina |
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Term
| Tell me about stable angina... |
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Definition
Its intermitent, predictable, same pattern and intensity, infrequent...but can be mild, severe, or disabling!!!
-pain at rest is unsual |
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Term
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Definition
refers to ischemia that occurs in the absence of any subjective symptoms
-nocturnal angina
-prinzmetals angina |
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Term
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Definition
| New onset, occurs @ rest or has worsening pattern. Very unpredictable. Part of acute corony syndrome, indicates deterioration of once stable arteriosclerotic plaque > incrase risk of MI d/t thrombosis-->requires hospitalization |
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Term
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Definition
CP, strange feeling, vague sensation, pressure ache, constrictive, sqeezing heavy choking, indigestion, burning, accompanied by anxiety, dyspnea, pallor, tachycardia,
**non specific for individual |
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Term
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Definition
| Good H&P, lipid panel, cardiac enzymes, treamill, angiogram, 24 hour ECG, nuclear imaging, PET, echo w/ exercise serum cardiac markers(Ck-MB, troponin)!!! |
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Term
| nursing patient for ppl w/ CAD |
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Definition
-reducing known risk
-cardiac rehab
-nutriional therapy / cholesterol lowering agents
-cardiac d/o's diagnostic testing (<3 cath)
revascularization procedures
-PTCA w/ or w/out stent
-Atherectromy, laser angiography, CABG |
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Term
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Definition
A= antiplatelets
A= antianginals
B= beta blockers
C= calcium channel blockers |
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