Term
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Definition
surgical procedure where vessel is grafted to an occluded coronary artery so blood flows beyond the occlusion
know magnesium and potassium |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal to have patient off ventilator w/i ?h or CABG |
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Term
good blood gas
awake
can lift head
can move shoulders up and down |
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Definition
| Things that must happen for pt to be taken off the ventilator after CABG |
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Term
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Definition
| pull as soon as bowel sounds return after CABG |
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Term
| Discharge goals after CABG surgery |
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Definition
| walk daily, avoid heavy lifting, no driving, sex 3-4 weeks post-op, meds, low sodium, cholesterol, and carbs, wound cleansing (soap and water), report fever dyspnes, chest px w/ minimal exertion |
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Term
hospital
after discharge
self-directed |
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Definition
| 3 phases of cardiac rehab |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| valve doesn't close, not enough blood is getting through |
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Term
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Definition
| valve leaflets stretch into atrium during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| medium pitched, harsh grading sound that increases with position change |
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Term
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Definition
| medium pitched, harder and louder on inspiration and supine |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched blowing through out systole |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched blowing throughout and increase on inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched blowing increased when patient leands forward |
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Term
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Definition
| high pitched blowing increases on inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| low pitched rumbling that increases with exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| low pitched rumbling that increases on inspiration |
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Term
| Mitral valve regurgitation |
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Definition
s/s include dyspnea, fatigue, weakness
caused by: CHF, MVP, ischemia, rheumatic fever
dx: echo or tee
treat: decrease afterload w/ ACE, ARB, beta blocker or valve replacement (if ADL are effected) |
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Term
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Definition
s/s include exertional dyspnea/ fatigue, orthopnea, proxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough and respiratory infection
caused by A-fib, atrial dysrhythmias, CHF
Tx: CHF, afib (coumadin), anemia, anticoagulants; replace valve |
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Term
| aortic valve regurgitation |
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Definition
s/s: visible pulsation in head and neck, widened pusle pressure
dx: LV hypertrophy
tx: vasodilators/ ACE, if hypertrophy exists valve replacement is needed |
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Term
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Definition
s/s: dyspnea, orthopnea, PND, dizzy/syncope, loud murmur, vibration/ asymptomatic
tx: frequent ech, L heart cath |
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Term
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Definition
| valve surgery to separate leaflets |
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Term
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Definition
| valve surgery to separate leaflets that uses a balloon, light-moderate sedation |
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Term
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Definition
| valve surgery to separate leaflets that uses direct visual, general anesthesia, and the pt is on bypass |
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Term
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Definition
pt on general anesthesia and bypass
mechanical- durable and long term anticoagulants
tissue are less durable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
dilated ventricle w/o muscle wall hypertrophy (big chamber, small muscle)
decreased SV, increased blood not ejected (clots), valve regurgitation |
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Term
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
heart muscle increases in size and mass (small chamber, big muscle)
ventricle is slow to relax and fill, muscle cells become displaced
ineffective contractions and dysrhythmias |
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Term
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
rigid ventricle walls, idiopathic
chambers are heard to fill and ventricles are hard to strectch |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the endocardium that develops rapidly and may result in death |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation fo the endocardium that develops gradually and leads to valve damage. this type responds well to treatment |
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Term
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Definition
s/s low grade fever, arthralgia, arthritis, low back px, hepatomegaly, Osler's nodes, petechia of conjuntiva
Tx: prolonged antibiotic therapy |
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Term
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Definition
s/s chest pain, dyspnea, friction rub, increased WBC, fever
tx: analgesic, antibiotics, steroid, positioning, psych support, activity restriction, monitor for heart failiure and tamponade |
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Term
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Definition
increased in pericardial sac fluid, c/o fullness in chest, dyspnea, low blood pressure, pulsus paradoxus
tx: pericardiocentesis |
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Term
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Definition
beck's triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart tones), anxiety
tx: pericardiocentesis |
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Term
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Definition
s/s chest px, fever, mailaise, dyspnea, friction rub
complications: cardiomyopathy, CHF
Tx: pericardiocentesis
*Avoid beta blockers/ digoxin |
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Term
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Definition
s/s fatigue, activity intolerance, arm and leg heaviness, weight gain, chest discomfort, palpitations, irregular heart beat, S3, S4, irritating, nocturnal, nonproductive cough, frothy pink sputum, crackles/wheeze, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, decreased cerebral perfusion, altered LOC
Tx: Fluid Volume Excess diuretics, sodium restriction, daily weight, I&O
decreased cardiac output positive inotropes, vasodilators, maintain sinus rhythm, control tachycardia, beta blockers, ACE, ARB
impaired gas exchange- high flow O2, CPAP/BIPAP, mechanical ventilation, diuretics, venodilator, positive inotropes, watch for pulmonary edema |
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Term
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Definition
s/s hypoxia, hypercarbia, dyspnea, orthopnea, air hunger, tachypnea, wheezes, crackles, frothy pink sputum
tx: aggressive oxygenation, high fowler's, morphine, diuretics, vasodilators, be calm! |
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Term
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Definition
s/s Cardiac Index <2.0, systolic BP <90, PAWP> 18, CVP high, respiratory, cerebral, and renal problems
IV meds: morphine (decrease breathing workload)
Nitroglycerin titrate for BP (hypotension tachycardia, severe headache)
Natrecor (decrease preload, mild diuresis, no reflex, tachycardia)
Dobutamin (increase contractility, decrease afterload, titrate)
Primacor (vasodilation, decrease afterload, not titrated)
Intra-aortic balloon pump (function as left ventricle) |
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Term
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Definition
caused by a thin and weak arterial wall
s/s asymptomatic or deep diffuse chest px over entire precordium
tx: prevent rupture, control BP, surgical repair if >2in, fluid replacement and hemodynamic monitoring
Meds: vasopressor and Heparing, low dose dobutamine |
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Term
| Nurse post-op surgical repair of aneurysm |
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Definition
supine for 6h, HOB up 45 degrees after 2h, VS and doppler every 15m;
assess for bleeding, pulse, swelling, hematoma, lower extremities, renal failure, report cough sneese vomit, systolic >180, 24h (post implantation syndrome) |
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