Term
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Definition
| measure difference in electrical potential between two different points on the body |
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Term
Positive (recording lead)
Negative
Ground (minimize electrical activity from other sources) |
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Definition
| Three lead minimum for an EKG, three leads? |
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Term
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Definition
| one small square horizontally on EKG strip |
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Term
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Definition
| one large square horizontally on EKG strip |
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Term
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Definition
| one large square vertically on EKG strip |
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Term
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Definition
| primary pacemaker at rhythm of 60-100bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| backup pacemaker at rhythm of 40-60bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| last resort pacemaker at rhythm of 20-45mpm |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial depolarization on EKG |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular depolarization on EKG (<.12s) |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization on EKG |
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Term
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Definition
| atrial depolarization and delay in AV junction (.12-.20s) |
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Term
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Definition
| end ventricular depolarization to begin ventricular repolarization (.08-.12s) |
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Term
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Definition
| total duration of ventricular activity (.34-.40s) |
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Term
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Definition
dysrhythmia where HR< 60
TX: only if CO is inadequate, atropine if symptomatic |
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Term
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Definition
dysrhythmia where HR is 100-120
tx: eliminate stimulant, treat underlying cause, Inderal (beta blocker) |
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Term
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Definition
dysrhythmia that occurs with respiratory changes in intrathoracic pressure, in young and elderly
HR increasees with inspiration and R-R shortens, decrease with expiration and R-R lengthens |
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Term
| Premature Atrial Contraction |
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Definition
dysrhythmia that is a beat
Rate: depends on underlying rhythm
Rhythm: irregular
P wave: one is early and different or hidden in T wave, all others are the same
PRI shortened by w/i .12-.20
QRS normal or absent |
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Term
| Supraventricular Tachycardia |
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Definition
Rate: 140-220
Regular Rhythm
P wave absent/ unidentifiable
QRS normal or prolonged
Paroxysmal if start and stop suddenly (PST) |
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Term
| Stable supraventricular tachycardia treatment |
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Definition
| O2 and IV, 12-lead EKG, narrowing QRS vagal maneuvers, adenosine 6mg rapidly w/ 20 mL NS flush, may repeat w/ 12mg then may need cardioversion |
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Term
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Definition
| shocking treatment on QRS complex |
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Term
| Unstable supraventricular tachycardia |
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Definition
s/s Chest px, decreased LOC, decreased BP, sweaty cold clammy skin, SOB
tx:immediate synchronised cardioversion, consider sedation |
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Term
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Definition
| active bleeding, bleeding disorder, hemorrhagic stroke, intracranial vessel malformation, recent surgery/ trauma, uncontrolled HTN, pregnancy |
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Term
| Treatment for bleeding/ hematoma |
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Definition
| Bedrest, manual pressure, outline w/ pen, notify doctor |
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Term
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Definition
| I&O, BUN, creatinine, elecrolytes, hydrate, renal protective agents |
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Term
| Atrial flutter (worse than Afib) |
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Definition
atrial rate 250-350
ventricle conduction 2:1- 8:1
AV blocks most impulses
Sawtooth waves
no p wave or PRI
Tx: control ventricular response (cardizem, verapamil, lopressor, synchronize cardioversion) |
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Term
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Definition
undulating baseling replacing P waves and irregularly irregular ventricular response
seen in patients with HTN, ischemia, valve disease, myocardial and pericardial disease, thyrotoxicosis, aging
tx: anticoagulants, meds to slow conduction, cardioversion (if possible TEE to rule out clot prior) |
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Term
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Definition
impulse starts in AV node
ventricular rate 40-60
Atrial and ventrical rhythm regular
Pwave before or after QRS or absent
PRI short, if present
QRS .10 or less usually |
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Term
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Definition
irritable impulse from ventricle
caused by electrolyte imbalance, caffiene, stimulants, digoxin, hypoxia, CHF
Pattern of couplet, bigeminal, trigeminal, quadrigeminy
tx: amiodarone, sotalol, lidocaine (must hang drip of bolus drug) |
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Term
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Definition
impulse starts below AV node (ventricle is pacing the heart)
HR 20-40
Regular Rhythm
Pwave absent or not related
PRI N/A
QRS more or equal to .12 (wide)
* must palpate for pulse, if none then turmed pulseless electrical activity (PEA) |
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Term
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Definition
no normal looking QRS> .12
Ventricular rate 100-220
regular or moderately irregular rhythm
3/more PVS
Tx: Pulse: O2, IV, 12-lead EKG, amiodarone/ lidocaine, cardioversion
No PUlse: CPR, defibrillator |
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Term
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Definition
rate >300
No HR, pulse, CO
Ventrical is quivering
Artifact?
Tx: epinephrine 1mg q3-5m or substitute vasopression 40 units; Shock: Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, lidocaine, magnesium, procainamide) |
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Term
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Definition
flat line (confirm in 2 different leads)
BLS then ACLS
Epi 1mg q 3-5m (sub vasopressing 40u)
IV atropine 1mg q3-5m
Look for cause (5H and 5Ts) |
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Term
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Definition
| block with PRI constantly >.20s |
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Term
| Second degree heart block type 1 (Wencke-back) |
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Definition
| block with PRI is longer and longer until QRS is dropped |
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Term
| Second degree heart block type 2 (mobitz) |
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Definition
| block with long PRI and dropped QRS complex |
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Term
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Definition
emergency block with no relation between p and QRS, atrial rate > ventricular rate (more Ps than QRS)
P-P and R-R are regular |
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Term
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Definition
| atropine (if QRS narrow), Pacing (transcutaneous), dopamine (narrows QRS), permanent pacemaker (60-75 rate) |
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Term
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Definition
a timed current to terminate a tachdysrhythmia
turn monitor to "synchronize"
Shock delivered on QRS complex
low voltage |
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Term
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Definition
Immediate and unsynchronized
Pads or paddles used
assure good skin contact
assure no one is touching the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| used most often after an AMI, CABG-may be used in Complete Heart Block from Dig toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| used most often for irreversible complete heart block (3rd degree heart block) |
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Term
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Definition
An electronic device that provides electrical stimulation to the heart muscle-(atrial or ventricle or both)
Demand Mode—preset rate 60-75
Important: only paces when HR drops below the preset rate |
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