Term
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Definition
| the pacemaker is located someplace other than the SA node |
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Term
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Definition
| the arrhythmia is located somewhere in the atria, it can be tachycardia or bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| the pacemaker is someplace in or around the AV node. very common |
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Term
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Definition
| the pacemaker is someplace above the ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pacemaker is in the ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| a normal pacemaker that is too fast or too slow |
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Term
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Definition
| A variation in either the site or rate of cardiac impulse formation or a variation in the sequence of cardiac impulse propagation |
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Term
|
Definition
characteristic of Purkinje, atrial and ventricular muscle cells; a Low resting membrane potential –90 to –80 mV
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Term
|
Definition
characteristic of the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes;
higher resting membrane potential -60 to –70 mV
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Term
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Definition
| On the EKG the ______ is atrial depolarization. |
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Term
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Definition
| On the EKG the ______ is ventricular depolarizatio |
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Term
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Definition
| On the EKG the ______ is ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| On the EKG the ______ is the atrial and AV conduction time |
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Term
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Definition
| On the EKG the ______ is the action potential duration |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the treatment of choice for Afib? |
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Term
|
Definition
| this kind of arrhythmia is hemodynamically unstable |
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Term
Class I A
(quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide) |
|
Definition
| This class of antiarrythmia drugs blocks NA channels and delays repolarization, lengthening the duration of the AP |
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Term
| Class IB (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, phenytoin) |
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Definition
| This class of anti A. drugs blocks Na channels and accelerates repolarization, shortening the duration of the AP |
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Term
| Class IC: Flecainide, Ecainide, Prpafenone |
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Definition
| this class of anti A. drugs blocks NA channels and lows conduction through the His-Purkije system, prolonging the QRS duration |
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Term
Class II
beta blockers
(Esmolol, Metropolol, Propanolol) |
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Definition
| This class of Anti A. drugs blocks beta-adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| Class III (amiodarone, dofetalide, sotalol, ibutalide) |
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Definition
| This class of Anti A drugs prolongs the action potential duration and refractory periods, increases the q-t interval |
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Term
Class IV Ca++ channel blockers
(verapamil, diltiazem) |
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Definition
| This class of anti A drugs blocks calcium entry, decreases the slope of phase 4, slows AV conduction |
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Term
|
Definition
Block sodium channels – decrease phase 0 in
normal heart, in a fast-ischemic heart, it will
decrease phase 0 more.
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Term
| Procainamide and quinidine |
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Definition
| These class IA drugs will lengthen the refractory period by blocking K+ channels and increasing the QRS wave. They also widen the Q-T interval. Supraventricular and ventricular effects. |
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Term
|
Definition
| This Class I A drug is also anticholinergic which means it can slow down AV conduction, and can worsen a superventricular tachycardia. |
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Term
atrial, junctional and ventricular tachycardias
(procainamide, quinidine, disopyramide, moricizine) |
|
Definition
| What are class IA drugs useful in treating? |
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Term
|
Definition
Class I A
(quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide) can cause proarrhytmia, one example of this is__________ |
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Term
|
Definition
| This is the drug of choice to slow a PSVT to evaluate the underlying rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine, phenytoin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| These drugs are effective at chemically converting Afib and A flutter |
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Term
|
Definition
| ___________ is used in ventriculat tachycardia and fibrillation, especially during ischemia |
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Term
| with an idioventricular rhythm |
|
Definition
| When shouldn't lidocaine (class 1 B) be used? |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| junctional tachycardia and accelerated junctional |
|
Definition
| dig toxicity should be strongly suspected with this rhythm |
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Term
|
Definition
| treatment for pulseless Vtach |
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Term
Class 1 C drugs
flecainide propafenone |
|
Definition
| These drugs can be used for atrial and AV junctional arrhythmias, converting atrial fib and flutter, premature ventricular contractions, and Wolff-Parkenson- White syn |
|
|
Term
proarrhythmia and sudden death with chronic use
CNS and GI effects |
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Definition
| side effects of class I c drugs (fleccainide and propafenone) |
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Term
| amiodarone, beta-blockers, lidocaine, procainamide, overdrive pacing |
|
Definition
| treatment for stable Vtach HR <150 |
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Term
|
Definition
| this beta blocker can be given by i.v. only, has a t1/2 of 9 minutes, it's great for emergencies |
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Term
| Class II: propanolol and esmolol |
|
Definition
| These drugs treat sinus and catecholamine dependant arrhythmias, prevent arrhythmias in post MI patients, and protect the ventricles from high atrial rates. |
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Term
| Class II- propanolol, esmolol |
|
Definition
| These drugs can cause bronchospasam, hypotension, and should never be used in partial AV block or ventricular failure. |
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Term
|
Definition
amiodarone
sotalol
ibutalide
dofetalide |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| this class III drugs works on the Sinus Node, Atria, or AV node |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases refractory period, Decreases phase 0, Decreases phase 4 (beta block and Ca block) Decreases AV conduction |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| This class III drug is Very wide spectrum: effective for most arrhythmias.First choice for VTach and VFib.This replaced lidocane because it works on the Atria and Ventricle. |
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Term
|
Definition
These are the side effects of _________
Proarrhythmia
Pulmonary toxicity
Hepatic injury
Increase LDL cholesterol
Thyroid disease
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|
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Term
|
Definition
This class III drug:
a Increase refractory period
b Slow phase 4 (beta blocker), K channel blocker
c Slow AV conduction |
|
|
Term
Approved for use in atrial and ventricular
tachycardia
|
|
Definition
| What is sotalol (Class III) approved for? |
|
|
Term
Ibutalide and Dofetalide
(Class III) |
|
Definition
| Almost pure K channel antagonist; Used to prevent recurrence of atrial fib and flutter |
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Term
|
Definition
| these class IV agents act on the Sinus Node, atria, or AV node |
|
|
Term
Verapamil, diltiazem
(Class IV) |
|
Definition
These Decrease AV conduction (Ca++);
these are used just like Beta blockers.
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|
|
Term
Verapamil and diltiazem
(class IV) |
|
Definition
| These are used in converting supraventricular tachycardia especially involving the AV node and can convert junctional rhythms |
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Term
| Verapamil and diltiazem (class IV) side effects |
|
Definition
Caution when partial AV block is present. Can also get systole if beta blocker is on board Caution when hypotension, decreased CO Some gastrointestinal problems
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|
Term
| none usually for type I, pacemaker for type II and III |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| severe hyperkalemia can lead to ______ |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| This cardiac glycoside is used to slow AV conduction and treats atrial fib and flutter |
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Term
|
Definition
| this additional antiarrhythmic agent is used to treat bradycardia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| this is given to treat torsades de pointes |
|
|
Term
| implantable defibrillator |
|
Definition
for sudden death has been shown to be more effective than pharmacological therapy for increasing longevity. This can shock you from within if the device reads an abnormal EKG.
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|
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Term
|
Definition
what is the first line for chronic atrial premature beats?
|
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what is the alternative for a chronic atrial premature beat? |
|
|
Term
| cardioversion chemically or with amioadarone or ibutilide. Anticoagulant |
|
Definition
| what is the first line of treatment for an acute atrial fib? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what is the most common arrhythmia? |
|
|
Term
| coumadin for at least 3 weeks then cardiversion |
|
Definition
| what is the first choice of treatment for a chronic atrial fib/flutter? |
|
|
Term
| rate control with ca channel blockers, beta blockers, and dig plus anticoagulation therapy |
|
Definition
| what are some alternative treatments for a chronic atrial fib/flutter? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| what is the first choice of treatment for acute premature ventricular beats? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the first choice of treatment for chronic ventricular premature beats? |
|
|
Term
| all orally active class I agents |
|
Definition
| what is the second choice of treatment for chronic ventricular premature beats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the first choice of treatment for acute ventricular tachycardia? |
|
|
Term
amiodarone
beta blockers
lidocaine
procainamide
or overdrive pacing |
|
Definition
| what is the first choice of treatment for stable chronic ventricular tachycardia? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hypokalemia can be spotted on the EKG by |
|
|
Term
| hypercalcemia (>10.5mg/dL) |
|
Definition
| rhythm disturbances of this electrolyte imbalance may include, heart block,bradycardia, bundle branch block, and potentiate dig toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this electrolyte imbalance is noted by a prolonged QT interval. rhythm disturbances range from bradycardia to VT and asystole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| which provides more calcium? calcium gluconate or calcium chloride? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in this electrolyte imbalance, the EKG may show prolonged PR and QT intervals, u waves, t wave flattening, and a wide QRS complex. The main dusrhytmia caused is torsades de pointes. |
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