Term
| mutation is_______ byt benzyopyrene (tobacco smoke) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most carcinogenic metals are |
|
Definition
| electrophilic when ionized; form covalent bonds w/ DNA |
|
|
Term
| Require no metabolic conversion |
|
Definition
| Direct Acting Chemical Carcinogens |
|
|
Term
| examples of Direct Acting Chemical Carcinogens |
|
Definition
Alkylating agents and other cancer
chemotherapy
- cyclophosphamide, cisplatin; busulfan |
|
|
Term
| Two examples of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the cancer they cause? |
|
Definition
-Benzo(a)pyrene in tobacco smoke- lung cancer -
Vinyl chloride:angiosarcoma of the liver |
|
|
Term
| • Potent carcinogens in lab animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Potent, indirect acting product of
Aspergillus flavus fungus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Betel nuts: are a Naturally Occurring Carcinogens they cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aflotoxin is associated with what cancer and mutation? |
|
Definition
- Associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
- p53 signature mutation |
|
|
Term
| Alcohol is likely a ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
• RNA, retrovirus
• Causes T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
|
Definition
| Oncogenic RNA Virus HTLV-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tropism:
Squamous epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Benign HPV lesions ( 3 and where they are located) |
|
Definition
• Verruca vulgaris (warts) skin of hands/feet
• Venereal warts: condyloma accuminatum
- vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, perianal
• Squamous papillomas of the mouth;
conjunctiva; respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| Mech. of Viral oncogenesis due to HPV |
|
Definition
- E2 repression is lost
- Repressor loss promotes overexpression of proteins E6 and E7 |
|
|
Term
| Viral DNA is ________in benign warts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HPV E6 represses what protein?
what does this cause? |
|
Definition
p53
degrades BAX; activates telomerase |
|
|
Term
| HPV E7 represses what three proteins? |
|
Definition
p53
p21
RB-E2F ( inactivating promotes progression through cell cycle) |
|
|
Term
Epstein-Barr virus-
associated cancers |
|
Definition
• Hodgkin disease / Hodgkin lymphoma
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Burkitt’s lymphoma (African)
• B-cell lymphoma - immunosuppressed |
|
|
Term
| Name factors responsible for oncogenic effects in EBV |
|
Definition
EBV infects B lymphocytes via CD21
vIL 10
EBNA-2
LMP-1 |
|
|
Term
| What viruses are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma? |
|
Definition
Hepatitis C due to RNA virus
Hepatitis B due to DNA virus |
|
|
Term
| How do two viruses work synergistically to cause Kaposi sarcoma? |
|
Definition
Human Herpes Virus 8 or KS
HIV |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Hep B hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy common and why? |
|
Definition
| Hepatitis B is endemic in Asia and Africa with high rate of hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
Term
is a neoplastic proliferation of blood
vessels or vessel-forming mesenchyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - Red to red-purple (violaceous) patches, plaques or nodules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What two malignancies are
associated with Helicobactor pylori infection? |
|
Definition
- Adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) |
|
|
Term
| • Most common neoplasm in males with HIV; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Environmental agents, eg. aflatoxins from
Aspergillus flavus implicated as cofactor in |
|
Definition
| hepatocellular carcinoma from HEP B virus |
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