Term
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Definition
provide the body with energy (calories)
4 calories per gram
preferred fuel for the nervous system, including brain, and RBC
ideal fuel compared to other alternatives:
less expensive than protein
high-fat diets are associated with chronic disease |
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Term
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Definition
compounds made of single sugars or multiples of them and composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
-carbo= carbon (C)
-hydrate= water (H2O) |
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Term
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Definition
plants absorb the energy from the sun through chlorophyll
the simple sugar, glucose, is made of water and carbon dioxide
the plant links glucose units together to form starch
carbs are made up of C, H, and O |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharides (starch and fiber) |
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Term
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Definition
| monosaccharides and disaccharides (sugars) |
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels; it directs the glucose from your blood (excess glucose) into your cells for storage |
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Definition
| hormone released by the pancreas that signals the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream |
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Definition
stored glucose in your liver and muscle cells
limited capacity |
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Term
| excess calories from any source will be stored as... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hypoglyemia= low blood glucose levels
No food, No fuel
Therefore, you breakdown stored energy (glycogen and fat) for fuel |
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Term
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Definition
incomplete burning of fat and creates ketone bodies
ketosis- doubles the number of ketone bodies in your body after two days of fasting |
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Term
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Definition
gluco= sugar
neo= new
gensesis= origin
the creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, predominantly protein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2000 calorie diet
225-325 grams of carbs daily
45 to 65% of your daily calories |
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Term
| what type of carbs do you want to eat |
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Definition
| simple carbs or complex carbs |
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Term
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Definition
| the nutrient-rich and fat-dense inner part of a whole grain |
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Definition
| provides energy; contains starch grains |
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Definition
| the fibrous protective, source of fiber, B vitamins, and trace minerals |
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Definition
| (chaff) the outer, inedible covering of a grain |
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Definition
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| what percent of grains that are eaten are not whole grains? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
100% whole wheat bread
whole grain cereal
oatmeal
brown rice
popcorn |
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Term
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Definition
20-35 grams
females: 25 grams
males: 38 grams
add gradually and drink fluids |
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Term
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Definition
lower:
constipation
diverticulosis
heart disease
colorectal cancer
obesity
diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and inadequate or ineffective insulin
glucose can't enter cells, which burn fat for fuel
type 1 and type 2 |
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Term
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Definition
5-10% of cases
autoimmune disease: insulin-producing cells in pancreas destroyed--insulin injections required
develops in childhood, early adult years |
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Term
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Definition
90-95% of cases
cells are resistant to insulin, eventually insulin-producing cells are exhausted, pancreas decreases and medication and/or insulin is required
people 45 and older or at risk for diabetes should be tested
approximately 8% of Americans have type 2 diabetes |
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