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Carbon Compounds
Chapter 2 - Section 3
28
Biology
9th Grade
10/12/2009

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Cards

Term
Important points about carbon:
Definition

  • 4 valence electrons --- form chemical bond w/ up to 4 different atoms
  • bond with other carbon atoms
  • millions of different large and complex molecular structures r possible
  • carbon = backbone element

Term
monomers
Definition
small individual molecules
Term
polymers
Definition
monomers join together to form ___
Term
polymerization
Definition
macromolecules combine with each other to form polymers (monomer + monomer = polymer) and this process is called ___
Term

 

Four organic compounds found in living things:

 

Definition

  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids
  • proteins

 

Term
carbohydrates
Definition

  • compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  • usually, ratio of 1:2:1

Term
carbohydrates
Definition
living things use ___ as their main source of energy
Term
supplies immediate energy
Definition
the breakdown of sugars does what (hint: supplies what immediately?)
Term
starches
Definition
living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates know as ___
Term
monosaccharides
Definition
single sugar molecules
Term
polysaccharides
Definition
large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides 
Term
glycogen
Definition
many animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called ___ or animal starch
Term
lipids
Definition
mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms... also known as fat
Term
  • store energy
  • chemical messengers
Definition
lipid uses:
Term
nucleic acids
Definition

  • macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
  • polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides

Term
  • a 5-carbon sugar
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogenous base
Definition
nucleotides = 3 parts
Term
store; transmit
Definition
Nucleic acids ___ and ___ hereditary, or genetic, information.
Term

  • ribonucleic acid (RNA) - sugar ribose
  • deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - sugar deoxyribose

Definition
2 kinds of nucleic acids:
Term
proteins
Definition

  • macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • polymers of molecules called amino acids

Term
amino acids
Definition

  • compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
  • also known as the building blocks of proteins 

Term

 

  • control the rate of reactions and regulate cell process
  • form bones and muscles
  • transport substances into or out of cels
  • help fight disease

 

Definition
Proteins job (4 things):
Term
reactants; products
Definition
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction__. elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction ___.
Term
breaking; formation
Definition
Chemical reactions always involve the ___ of bonds in reactants and the ___ of new bonds in products.
Term
released; absorbed
Definition
Energy is __ or ___ whenever chemical bonds form or are broken.
Term
spontaneously; trigger (something to set it off)
Definition
Chemical reactions that release energy are __. Chemical reactions that absorb energy needs a ___.
Term
activation energy
Definition
chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the ___ energy.
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Term
enzymes; cells
Definition
proteins that act biological catalysts --- speed up chemical reactions that take place in the ___.
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