Term
| What are the two types of monnosaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Differ in configuration of -OH and -H groups on one carbon. |
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Term
| What makes up a hemiacetal? |
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Definition
| Aldehyde and Alcohol group |
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Term
| What makes up a hemiketal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ribose, Arabinose, Xylose, and Lyxose |
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Term
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Definition
| Allose, Altrose, Glucose, Mannose, Gulusoe, Innose, Talose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What makes a carbon anomeric? |
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Definition
| 4 different groups attached to it |
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Term
| What is the equation used to figure out how man isomeric forms a compound has? |
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Definition
2n
n= number of anomeric carbons |
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Term
| What is the common C3 ketose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common C4 ketose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common C5 ketoses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common C6 ketoses? |
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Definition
| Psicose, Fructose, Sorbose, Tagetose |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which alpha and beta are interconverted |
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Term
| What is the structure for gluconic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure for glucoronic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
CH2OH
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H-C-OH
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OH-C-H
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H-C-OH
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H-C-OH
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CH2OH
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of sorbitol? |
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Definition
- Not metabolized in the body
- Artificial sweetner
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Term
| What does maltose consist of? |
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Definition
| Glucose (alpha 1--4) Glucose |
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Term
| What does cellulobiose consist of? |
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Definition
| Glucose (Beta 1--4) Glucose |
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Term
| What does lactose consist of? |
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Definition
| Galactose (Beta 1--4) Glucose |
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Term
| What does sucrose consist of? |
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Definition
| Glucose (Alpha 1--2) Fructose |
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Term
| Why isnt sucrose hydrolyzed in the body? |
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Definition
| B/c in the bonding with glucose, both -OH groups are utilized |
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Term
| What are starches composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of starch is amylose and amylopectin? |
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Definition
Amylose - 15%
Amylopectin - 85% |
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Term
| What is amylose composed of? |
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Definition
| Straight chained glucose with (Alpha 1--4) linkages |
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Term
| What does amylopectin consist of? |
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Definition
- Straight Chained (Alpha 1--4)
- Branched (Alpha 1--6)
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Term
| What is the difference between amylopectin and glycogen? |
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Definition
| Glycogen contains more Alpha 1--6 linkages |
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Term
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Definition
- Polysaccharides made of glucose linked by: (Alpha 1--6) - mostly, (Alpha 1--4), (Alpha 1--3)
- A gelatinous polymer made by some bacteria
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Term
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Definition
| Polysaccharide made of fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds having the same chemical formula but different structures |
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Term
| What are optical isomers? |
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Definition
Compounds having the same chemical formula, but differ only in the substituent group on optically active carbons
ex. D and L glyceraldehyde |
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Term
| What is a racemic mixture? |
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Definition
| Mixture of 50% D and 50%L enantiomers |
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Term
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Definition
Stereoisomers which differ in configuration at C-1 of aldoes and C-2 of ketoses
ex. Alpha-D-glucose and Beta-D-Glucose |
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Term
| What is the rule for designating alpha or beta? |
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Definition
| If the -OH group at C-1 is on the same side as the carbon at C-6 then the compound is said to be Beta. If opposite then it is alpha. |
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Term
| What are some properties of sialic acids? |
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Definition
| 9-carbon acidic sugar - Wide distribution in vertebrates, Components of glycoproteins and gangliosides (glycolipids N-Acetyl neuraminic Acid (NANA) = sialic acid |
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Term
| What is the storage poly saccharide in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is inulin and its uses? |
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Definition
- Polysaccharide of frutose with 2-->1 linkages
- It enters the interstitial space but cannot enter cells. It is used to estimate the size of the interstial space. This is also the basis of its use to measure glomerular filtration rate, a kidney function test.
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Term
| What does the Extracellular matrix consist of? |
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Definition
- Fibrous Proteins
- Ground substances
- Adhesion molecules
- Cells
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Term
| What are examples of fibrous proteins? |
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Definition
| Collagen, Elastin, Keratin |
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Term
| What are examples of ground substances? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some adhesion molecules found in the extracellular matrix? |
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Definition
- Fibronectin
- Laminin
- Thrombospondin
- Tenacin
- Vitronectin
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Term
| What are some cells found in the extracellular matrix? |
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Definition
- Fibroblasts and Mast cells
- Endothelial and Epithelial cells
- Other: Chondrocytes in cartilage, Osteoblast in bone, Keratinocytes in skin
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Term
| What kind of bond exist between a carbohydrate and a protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| You can find carbohydrates attached to what amino acids? |
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Definition
- Asparagine
- Serine/ Threonine
- Hydroxylysine (unique to collagen)
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Term
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Definition
| a post-translational modification of newly synthesized proteins |
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Term
| What group of enzyme catalyzes glycosylation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does glycosylation begin and where does it end in the cell? |
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Definition
Begins: ER
Ends: Golgi Apparatus |
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