Term
| Which pathway produces the most energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Indirect measure of amount of energy released from food |
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Definition
| Quantity of oxygen consumed when food is burned |
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Term
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Definition
| Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge eating |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reaction in which water is released as two molecules combine to form one larger product |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical reaction in which one molecule is split into two molecules, with hydrogen (H) added to one and a hydroxyl group (OH) to the other (Water, H2O) |
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Term
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Definition
Glycogen (stored in animals)
Starch (stored in plants)
Fiber (Not digested by human enzymes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid prevents diverticulitis, constipation and hemorrhoids. Maintains muscle tone. Feel full. Reduce colon cancer. Lower cholesterol. |
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Term
| How are monosaccharides absorbed? |
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Definition
Glucose and galactose use active transport.
Fructose uses facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| What happens to glucose when blood sugar rises? |
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Definition
Liver stores 1/3 of glucose
Muscles store 2/3 of glucose |
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Term
| How is glucose broken down? |
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Definition
| Glycolysis or krebs cycle produce ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Making glucose from a non-carbohydrate source, like protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds produced during incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose is not available in cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-10% Autoimmune disease. White lymphocytes destroy pancreas. Pancreas can't secrete insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| 90-95% Insulin resistance develops from too much sugar. |
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Term
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Definition
Obesity
Nutrient deficiency
Dental Caries |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria ferment sugar which produces acid. Factors: time in mouth, stickiness of food, frequency of sugar consumption, food choice |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugar free. Some calories. Difficult for bacteria, slowly absorbs in GI, causes discomfort/diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| Not all digested = not enough carbs. Feel full = don't eat enough. Discomfort. Chelating effect minerals. Fast digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonnutrient. Found in husks of grains, legumes and seeds. Can bind minerals like zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and copper in insoluble complexes in the intestine, which the body excretes unused. |
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Term
| Digestion of Carbs in mouth |
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Definition
Starch -> (Amylase)-> Small polysaccharides, maltose.
Mechanical action -> fibers |
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Term
| Digestion of carbs in stomach |
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Definition
Nothing
Fibers delay gastric emptying |
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Term
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Definition
Starch -> (pancreatic amylase) -> Small polysaccharides, maltose.
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
Fiber not digested here |
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Term
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Definition
| Some fiber -> (bacterial enzymes) -> Short-chain fatty acids, gas |
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Term
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Definition
Lactase deficiency
Damaged villi |
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Term
| Managing lactose intolerance |
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Definition
Manage instead of restrict
Yogurt w/ live bacteria improves intolerance |
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Term
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Definition
| High concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine. Causes acid-base imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by pancreas. Response to elevated blood glucose. Controls transport of glucose from blood to muscle/fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by pancreas. Response to low blood glucose. Elicits release of glucose from liver glycogen stores. |
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