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Definition
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Definition
monosaccharies
disaccahrides
oligosaccahrides
polysaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
source of energy
most abundant molecule in nature
can combine with lipids and proteins
derivaties contain N, S, P |
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Definition
"simple sugars"
-ose
classified by # of Carbons
-OH groups
aldehyde or keto groups |
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Term
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Definition
Aldehydes and Ketones
(aldoses and ketoses) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Glyceraldehyde
Dihydroxyacetone |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
Naming
Prefix aldo or keto ends with... |
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Definition
| the term for the number of carbons |
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Definition
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Steroisomers
Van't Hoff Rule |
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Definition
| compounds with n chiral carbon atoms have a max of 2n possible stereoisomers |
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Term
Glyceraldehyde
1 chiral carbon
stereoisomers? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| Most common sugars are... |
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Definition
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Definition
| Stereoisomers that are not enantiomers |
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Term
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Definition
| diastereomers that differ in configeration of only 1 stereogenic center |
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Term
| New -OH bearing carbon is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| -OH on the ring is "up" carbon is... |
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Definition
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Term
| -OH is "down" the carbon is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
in solution spontaneous change between α & β conformations
amount of each will depend on sugar |
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Term
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Definition
Ag(NH3)2+
Aldoses react with it to give a lactone
(cyclic ester)
silver ion plates out as a mirror |
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Term
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Definition
blue copper solution
also gives lactone
blue color fades as reaction occurs |
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Term
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Definition
C1 or C6 can be oxidized to carboxylic acid (-COOH)
examples: gluconic acid C1 and glucouronic acid C6
reducing sugars oxidized at C1 |
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Term
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Definition
aldehyde is reduced
sugar becomes polyalcohol
examples:
glucose→sorbitol
exylose→exylitol |
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Term
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Definition
change in structure
enzymes
examples:
glucose isomerase
(glucose→fructose) |
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Term
Phosphorylated Sugars
In cells phosphorylation prevents... |
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Definition
sugar from crossing membrane
Kinase think phosphate |
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