Term
| What are the metabolically important linear polysaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| The free C4 end of a polysaccharides is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Free C1 end of a polysaccharides is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cellulose has what kind of carbon bonding? |
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Definition
| Beta 1-4 glycoside bonding |
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Term
| Amylose has what kind of carbon bonding? |
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Definition
| Alpha 1-4 glycoside bonding |
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Term
| Amylopectin has what kind of carbon bonding? |
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Definition
| Alpha 1-4 and Alpha 1-6 glycoside bonding |
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Term
| The formation of an alpha 1-6 bond is indicative of what in a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
| branching. The area of the alpha 1-6 bond is coined the branching point |
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Term
| How many reducing and non-reducing ends does a linear polysaccharide have? |
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Definition
| One reducing and one non-reducing end |
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Term
| How many reducing and non-reducing ends do branched polysaccharides have? |
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Definition
| 1 reducing end and a variable amount of non-reducing ends |
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Term
| What is the structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen? |
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Definition
| While both are branched polysaccharides the glycogen has many more branch points and non-reducing ends |
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Term
| What is the significance of a higher number of non-reducing ends in a branched polysaccharide? |
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Definition
| The more branched a branched polysaccharide the faster it is metabolized |
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Term
| Dietary starch is composed of what polysaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dietary fiber is composed of what polysaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes work in the digestion of amylose? |
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Definition
| alpha-amylase and maltase |
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Term
| What enzymes work in the digestion of amylopectin? |
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Definition
| alpha amylase, maltase, and alpha dextrinase |
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Term
| Where does alpha amylase function? |
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Definition
| active alpha amylase will digest polysaccharides in the mouth (within saliva) and in the duodenum of the small intestine (within pancreatic juices) |
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Term
| How does active alpha-amylase get to the duodenum of the small intestine? |
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Definition
| alpha-amylase is secreted by the pancrease along with other digestive enzymes and bicarb |
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Term
| What bonds do alpha-amylase cleave? |
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Definition
| alpha 1-4 glycoside bonds but will not cleave terminal alpha 1-4 glycoside bonds |
|
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Term
| what bonds does maltase cleave? |
|
Definition
| alpha 1-4 glycoside bonds |
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Term
| What is the product of Amylopectin cleaved by alpha amylase? |
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Definition
| Maltose, maltriose, and alpha-dextrins |
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Term
| What is the product of amylose cleaved by alpha-amylase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rate-limiting step in the digestion of polysaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does maltase act on? |
|
Definition
| maltose (disaccharide) and maltotriose (trisaccharide) |
|
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Term
| what does alpha-dextrinase act on? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha-dextrins are the branch chain products of the degradation of amylopectin by alpha-amylase |
|
|
Term
| what bonds does alpha-dextrinase cleave? |
|
Definition
| alpha 1-4 bonds and alpha 1-6 glycoside bonds |
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Term
| What enzymes of polysaccharide digestion are endoglycosidases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes of polysaccharide digestion are exoglycosidases? |
|
Definition
| alpha-dextrinase and maltase |
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Term
| What are abnormally high levels of alpha-amylase in the blood indicative of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the body is maltase and alpha-dextrinase found? |
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Definition
| Brush border: epithelial cells of the intestine |
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Term
| What is the chemical mechanism by which the alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 bonds are cleaved? |
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Definition
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Term
| What defines active transportation? |
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Definition
| Transportation of substances against a concentration gradient |
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Term
| What transporter is responsible for insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What transporter is responsible for the transport of fructose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tissue responds to insulin for glucose uptake? |
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Definition
| Skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue |
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Term
| What transporter is involved in the basal uptake of glucose and has a low Km value? |
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Definition
| Glut1 and Glut 3. The low Km drives the preferential uptake of glucose to these cells |
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Term
| What glucose transporter targets the liver, pancreatic beta cells, the kidney, and the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glut 2 has a high Km value which means that it will absorb glucose when? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SGLT1? What is it's function? |
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Definition
| Sodium linked transporter of glucose. It participates in active transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidneys |
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Term
| What type of glucose transporters does liver have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of decreased insulin on glucose transporters? |
|
Definition
| decreased the number of active Glut-4 transporters |
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|
Term
| What sort of glucose transporters are found in the Kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sort of Glucose transporters are found in the Small Intestine? |
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Definition
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