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Cancer NS027
Cancer Lecture Notes
27
Health Care
Professional
06/16/2008

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Discuss:  Primary & Secondary Preventions fro Cancer

Definition

Primary-  identify & Eliminate Risks

  • quit smoking, use sunscreen

Secondary- Early Detection and Treatment   

  • Screenings, Exams-prostate, mamograms etc 

 

Term

 

 

Define:  CACHEXIA

Definition

ematiated appearence

weight loss, anorexia, early satiety, anemia

Term

 Define:

 

Situ Cancer and

Invasive Cancer

Definition

 

Situ Cancer-  cells abd. in growth and appearance.  No tissue boundaries broken

 

Invasive Cancer-  Cells invade underlying tissue

Term

 

Angiogenesis

Definition

 

Create New Blood Supply

Term

 

 

Palliation

Definition

 

 

Deal with symptons

(example removing an invasive tumor that is causing pain in a patient with stage 4 cancer to reduce pain)

Term

 

 

 

What is the only definitive testto diagnois Cancer?

Definition

 

BIOPSY-removal and study of cells

 

Other methods such as tumor cell markers, cytology and radiology are good indicators, but only biopsy is a definitive test. 

Term

 

 

Chemotheropy

Definition

 

disrupts cell cycle.  It affects cell that are most rapidly dividing the most.  Such cell include CA, GI, oral mucous membrames, hari and bone marrow. 

Term

Chemotherapy

 

Goal?

Most Effective when?

Definition

 

Goal:  Large enogh to b lethal to CA cells , but reduce other cell damage

 

Most Effective when tumor is small and growth is fast 

 

Term

 

Why is there an increases risk of side effects in elderly?

Definition
  1. Caridac- due to previous heart disease, and decr. circulation
  2. Constipation due to decr. bowel motility
  3. Bone Marrow Depression due to effects of aging, bone marrow has decreased activity
Term

 

 

5 Classifications of chemo agents

 

Definition
  1. Alkylating agents- exp.  cytoxan
  2. Antimetabolites- exp. Methotrexate
  3. Vinca alkaloids- exp. Vincristine
  4. Antitumor antibiotics-  exp. adriamycin
  5. Hormones- estrogen and progesterone
Term

 

 

Cytoxan(cyclophosphamide)

Definition
  • chemo agent classified as a Alkylating agent
  • SE:  NVD, Bone marrow depression, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis(bladder infection), renal toxiciyt, infertility
    • Use Mesnex(mesna) as cytoprotectant drug to treat side effects
Term

 

 

Methotrexate

Definition
  • Antimetabolities chem. medication
  • SE:  NVD, stomatitis, BMD, cirrhosis
  • Cytoprotectant drug- Leucovorin (wellcovorin)
Term

 

 

Vincristine

Definition
  • Vinca Alkaloids class of chemo
  • SE:  mild BMD, paralytic ileus, peripheral neuritis, alopecia
  • Neuothrophy- is primary side effect
Term

 

 

Adriamycin

Definition
  • color is red clear
  • Antitumor antibiotics
  • SE:  nausea, red urine, BMD, cariotoxicity (CHF, irreg heart rhythm) alopecia, stomatitis, pulmonary toxicity
Term

Nursing Intervention for:

 

Extravasation

Definition
  • define:  chemo infiltrates under skin causing necrosis
  • Drugs that cause extravasation are called Vesicants
  • Assess for - Blood return, watch for infiltration
  • PREVENT-  Minimize damage, maintain patent line.
Term

Nursing Intervention to treat Side Effect:

 

Nausea/vomiting

Definition
  • assess- watch input/output, check weight weekly, s/s of dehydration
  • comfort measures- rest, saft bland fod, room temp foods, small portions
  • Medications:  Anti-emitics before meals, mouth analgesic
  • Zofran-anti-emitic
Term

Nursing Interventions for

 

ALOPECIA

 

Definition
  • Hair falls out 2-3 weeks after treatment and regrows 1-2 mos. after chemo stopped
  • Patient wear wigs, scarfs, hats, talk to people
  • special shampoo

 

Term

Nursing intervention for:

 

 

Stomatitis-

Definition
  • defined as;  sores in the mouth and on lips
  • provide mouth care, use soft tooth brush, cold ffods, prescription mouthwash, no smoking/alcohol
  • Medications:  Hard Candy, Artifical saliva, anti-fungal for thrush
Term

Nursing intervention for: 

 

Hemorrhagic cystitis, renal toxicity,

Definition
  • Teach patient to have high fluid intake- 3000 cc a day
  • Meds;  Methotrexate
Term

Define:

 

Biological Response Modifiers

Definition
  • Manipulation of immune system through the use of naturally occuring biological substance or geneticallly engineered agents
  • ACTION:  body's response to cancer or cancer therapy is modified
Term

 

 

5 Classes of Biological Response Modifiers

 

Definition
  1. Hematopoitic agent- used to prevent or treat anemia.  Stimulates Bone Marrow production of Epoetin alfa (exp.  Epogen, Procrit)
  2. Colongy Stimulating factor- rpoduced by recombinant DNA .  prevents/treat decr. WBC by stimulating WBC production-  Filgrasitm(neupogen)
  3. Interferons: alter cell metabolism, Immune response is modified.  activate NK cells. 
  4. Interluekins- activate killer cells, help lymphocytes grow
  5. monoclonal Antibdoes (mab)-  combine w/ growth factor receptors on maliganant cell surfaces to inhibit tumor growth( exp. Trastuzumab(Herceptin)

 

Term

Another name for:

 

MYELOSUPPRESSION

Definition

 

 

BONE MARROW DEPRESSION

Term

 

 

NUETROPENIA

Definition

Decrease in WBC

Assess-  CBC, check for breaks,

 

Medications- antibiotics, vaccisination prior to chemo, antifungal nuepigen

Term

 

 

anemia

Definition

decrese in RBC

 

S/S:  fatigue, SOB, dizzy pale,

 

Medications:  Iron, Epigen/Procrit

 

 

Term

 

 

Thrombocytopenia

Definition

decreased platelets

 

Assess;  50,000 High Risk (150,000-300,00 normal)

< 20,000 bleed from anticoragulation

 

Pt. needs platlet Transfussions:  after 1st 15min. give fast

Term

 

 

 

NADIR

Definition

 

 

lOW POINT OF BLOOD CELLS

occurs at 7-14 days after chemo, recover at 21-28 days after chemo

Term

 

 

Bone Marrow Transplant

(procedure, post transplant care, complications)

Definition

Procedure:  chemo and radiation1-10 before BMT

infuse new BM cells or stem cells-takes 2hrs, hyrdrate

 

Post care;  TPN, nausea & pain management, fluid and electrolyte mang, Graft vs. host (GVHD)prevention

 

Engraftent- on day 14-  new bone marrow kicks in.

 

Complications:  Anorexia, NVD  Somatitis, BMD, GVHD

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