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Cancer Drugs
Oncology
35
Medical
Graduate
01/12/2013

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Cards

Term
How does the mechanism of action of methotrexate differ from 5-fluorouracil?
Definition
Both decrease DNA and protein synthesis; folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (methotrexate) vs. pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthase (5-FU)
Term
How does the body metabolize 6-mercaptopurine?
Definition
By xanthine oxidase; purine analog, decreases de novo purine synthesis, activated by HGPRTase
Term
Which anticancer drug is also often used in rheumatoid diseases as well as ectopic pregnancies?
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
For which cancers is dactinomycin particularly useful?
Definition
Wilm’s tumor, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood tumors
Term
What drug forms a complex between topoisomerase II and DNA?
Definition
Etoposide
Term
What drug alkylates DNA, toxicity is pulmonary fibrosis?
Definition
Busulfan
Term
What drug fragments DNA and also causes pulmonary fibrosis?
Definition
Bleomycin
Term
What drug blocks purine synthesis and is metabolized by xanthine oxidase?
Definition
6-MP
Term
What drug cross-links DNA and is nephrotoxic and ototoxic?
Definition
Cisplatin, carboplatin
Term
What drug is a nitrogen mustard that alkylates DNA (an electrophile that binds DNA)?
Definition
Cyclophosphamide
Term
What drug is a folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
What drug prevents tubulin disassembly?
Definition
Paclitaxel and -taxols
Term
What drug intercalates DNA, produces oxygen free radicals, and is cardiotoxic?
Definition
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Term
What drugs are DNA alkylating agents used in brain cancer?
Definition
Nitrosureas
Term
What drugs prevent tubulin assembly?
Definition
Vincristine, Vinblastine
Term
What drug inhibits thymidylate synthase and thus cause decreased nucleotide synthesis?
Definition
5-FU
Term
What drug is SERM and blocks estrogen binding to ER(+) cells?
Definition
Tamoxifen, raloxifine
Term
What drug has a mechanism similar to the antivirals acyclovir and foscarnet?
Definition
Cytarabine
Term
What drug has a mechanism similar to fluoroquinolones?
Definition
Etoposide
Term
What drug has a mechanism similar to trimethoprim?
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
What drug is a monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-B2)
Definition
Trastuzumab (herceptin)
Term
What drug causes free radical-induced DNA strand breakage?
Definition
Bleomycin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Term
What drug is the inhibitor of PRPP synthetase?
Definition
6-MP
Term
What drug is reversible with leucovorin?
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
What is the treatment for choriocarcinoma?
Definition
Vincristine, vinblastine, methotrexate
Term
What is the treatment for AML?
Definition
Cytarabine
Term
What is the treatment for CML?
Definition
Busulfan, Imatinib (Gleevac)
Term
What prevents breast cancer?
Definition
Tamoxifin, raloxifene
Term
What is the treatment for testicular cancer?
Definition
EBC (Etoposide, bleomycin, cysplatin)
Term
What is applied topically for AKs and basal cell cancers?
Definition
5-FU
Term
What is the treatment for childhood tumors (Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma?
Definition
Dactinomycin
Term
What inhibits ribonucleotide reductase?
Definition
Hydroxyurea
Term
What causes a side effect of hemorrhagic cystitis?
Definition
Cyclophosphamide
Term
What is an inhibitor of the mutated tyrosine kinase produced by the Philadelphia chromosome?
Definition
Imatinib (Gleevac)
Term
What are the potential side effects of prednisone use?
Definition
Cushingoid features, acne, cataracts, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia/DM, HTN, peptic ulcer, psychosis, insomnia
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