Term
| 3 Methods for treating cancer |
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Definition
Surgery/radiation
Drug therapy for disseminated CAs and metastases
Drug therapy for some localized CAs |
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Term
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Definition
Use of drugs to cause tumor cell death
Often used with surgery/radiation
**Problem: toxicity to normal tissue
Effects cells that rapidly divide most |
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Term
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Definition
Persistent proliferation
Unrestrained growth and division
Unresponsive to feedback mechanisms that regulate healthy cells |
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Term
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Definition
Cells break away form site of origin
Migration by seeding, lymphatic, and circulatory systems
Reimplant to form new secondary tumor |
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Term
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Definition
Each tx causes only a percentage of cell destruction
Cytotoxic effects
Repeated doses needed over period of time
Actively dividing cells most sensitive to chemo drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Tx may be coordinated with cell cycle
Cell cycle specific drugs
Cell cycle nonspecific drugs
May use combo of both drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Major molecular structure in the cell nucleus
basic structure of genes
double stranded and twisted to form double helix |
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Term
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Definition
molecule that directs all activities of cells
DNA divided by replication
Two new identical cells result
Most chemo drugs interfere with DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
calculated by type of cancer and size of pt.
-Done on a regular basis
-Every 3-4 weeks
-Dense chemo is used for aggressive CAs |
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Term
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Definition
| time when immune system is its lowest |
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Term
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Definition
Antimetabolites
Antitumor antibiotic
Antimitotics
Alkylating Agents
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Others |
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Term
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Definition
*Cell-cycle specific
Interferes with synthesis of nucleic acids for RNA & DNA synth |
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Term
| 3 main types of antimetabolites |
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Definition
Pyrimidine antagonist
Purine antagonist
Folic acid antagonists |
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Term
| Examples of Pyrimidine Antagonists |
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Definition
Cytosine, cytarabine (Cytosar)
Flurouracil (5-FU) |
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Term
| Examples of Purine Antagonists |
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Definition
Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
Thioguanine (6-TG) |
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Term
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Definition
**Methotrexate (Mexate, Folex)
-can be toxic to kidneys
*encourage pt. to drink lots of water |
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Term
| Antitumor antibiotics (First mode) |
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Definition
**cell-cycle non-specific
Drug slots itself between two DNA strands
Blocks effect of DNA and RNA synthesis
Prevents replication |
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Term
| Antitumor antibiotics (Second mode) |
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Definition
**beware of cardiotoxicity
DNA can also be damaged through strand breaks and structure remodification
Prevents replication |
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Term
| Examples of antitumor antibiotics |
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Definition
Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
Danorubicin
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin)
Mitomycin |
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Term
| Unique SE of antitumor abx |
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Definition
cause red urine
cause radiation recall |
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Term
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Definition
**cell-cycle specific
Inhibits mitotic division
Inhibit DNA and protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Vincristine and Vinblastine
**can cause serious toxicity
be extra aware of neurotoxicity
Etoposide (VP-16)
Teniposide (VM-26) |
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Term
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Definition
**Cell-cycle non-specific
Drug causes DNA molecule to knot itself up
Disrupts replication |
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Term
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Definition
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
-causes hemorrhagic cystitis
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
Busulfan (Myleran)
Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) |
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Term
| Alkylating agents: Nitrosureas |
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Definition
| Only chemo drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
Carmustine (BCNU)
Lomustine (CCNU)
Streptozocin (Zanosar) |
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Term
| Topoisomerase inhibitors: Examples |
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Definition
Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Topotecan (Hycamtin)
*Main SE is severe diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
photodynamic theory
targeted theory
hormone therapy
gene therapy
immunotherapy: BMRs |
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Term
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Definition
mostly seen with CAs of airway and melanoma
*Selective destruction of cancer cells
Uses different types of laser light
Increases pt's light sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Antibodies that work to disrupt cancer cell division
"Target" and block growth factors |
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Term
| Side effects of targeted therapy |
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Definition
Allergic reaction
build up of tolerance to drug |
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Term
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Definition
Herceptin-targets specific gene in breast CA
Rituxan- for lymphoma (usually non-Hodgkins) |
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Term
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Definition
Bind to hormone receptor sites
Palliative therapy or in combo with other drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Tamoxifen
Megestrol (Megace)
*Can help stimulate appetite
Leuprolide (Lupron)
Flutamide (Eulexin) |
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Term
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Definition
Experimental
Insurance won't cover
Has show success in early-phase trials |
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