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Cancer Biology BIO346 Ch. 8
Chapter 8
18
Biology
Undergraduate 3
05/15/2012

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Term
sporadic cancer
Definition
nonhereditary. do not exhibit obvious inherited pattern
Term
homologous chromosomes
Definition
2 members of each chromosomepair
Term
homozygous
Definition
2 alleles for given gene are identical
Term
dominant
Definition
in heterozygous genes- only one allele necessary for effect
Term
penetrance
Definition
frequency with which given dominant/recessive allele yields expected trait in the population
Term
2-hit model
Definition
presence of 2 mutations is required to create certain cancer-retinoblastoma.
Term
tumor suppressor gene
Definition
the loss of gene opens door to excessive cell proliferation and cancer
Term
APC gene
Definition
inherited mutation responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis.
Term
p53 gene
Definition
gene critical for the control of cell proliferation and survival in many cells
Term
caretaker
Definition
preserve integrity of cell's genome. its loss doesn't directly affect cell proliferation
Term
xeroderma pigmentosum
Definition
sensitive to UV radiation. requires 2 mutant copies of same gene to be inherited.
Term
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Definition
not many polyps form in colon. caused by mismatch repair disrupted. dominant pattern.
Term
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Definition
can cause breast cancer when mutated. moderate to high risk. repair DNA damage. usually hereditary. caretaker gene.
Term
ATM gene
Definition
ataxia telangiectasia mutated. recessive. codes for DNA damage response protein.
Term
Bloom syndrome
Definition
short stature, sun-induced facial rashes, immunodeficiency. Lymphomas, leukemias, mouth cancer, stomach (to name a few). BLM gene- DNA helicase not coded for when gene mutated.
Term
multipole endocrine neoplasia type II
Definition
development of benign/malignant tumors of endocrine gland. RET gene.
Term
oncogene
Definition
presence leads to cancer
Term
genetic testing
Definition
lab tests that analyze a person's DNA for inherited mutations.
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