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Cancer Biology BIO346 Ch. 5
Chapter 5
16
Biology
Undergraduate 3
05/11/2012

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Term
mesothelioma
Definition
rare form of cancer derived from the mesothelial cells that cover the interior surfaces of the chest and abdominal cavities.
Term
threshold
Definition
a dose that must be exceeded before cancer rates begin to rise.
Term
threshold model
Definition
this assumes there is no cancer risk at lower doses followed by a dose-response relationship at higher doses.
Term
immunosuppressive drug
Definition
these inhibit immune function and are give to organ transplant patients to prevent rejection of transplanted organ.
Term
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Definition
diverse group of compounds constructed from multiple, fused benzene rings.
Term
N-nitroso compound
Definition
cantain a nitroso group (N=O) joined to a nitrogen atom.
Term
natural products
Definition
structurally diverse group of cancer-causing molecules produced by biological organisms, mainly microorganisms and plants.
Term
precarcinogen
Definition
any substance that is capable of causing cancer only after it has been metabolically activated.
Term
carcinogen activation
Definition
the oxidation reaction of substances catalyzed by cytochrome P450 into carcinogens.
Term
epoxide
Definition
3-membered ring containing an oxygen atom covalently bonded to two carbon atoms. the two carbons are electron deficient so they react with atoms that are electron rich.
Term
initiation
Definition
converts normal cells to a precancerous state.
Term
genotoxic
Definition
carcinogens that cause gene damage, usually by binding to the DNA.
Term
protein kinase C
Definition
enzyme that plays a key role in one of the cell's normal pathways for controlling cell proliferation.
Term
clone
Definition
a population of cells derived from a single initial cell by successive rounds of cell division.
Term
incomplete carcinogen
Definition
a chemical that exerts either characteristics of an initiating factor or a promoting factor, but not both.
Term
risk factor
Definition
agents exhibiting the potential to cause cancer
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