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Definition
| cells of two differnet types grow together to form a new cell. nuclei merge when cells divide from each other. |
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Definition
| get rid of remaining copy while other copy is either lost or randomly mutated/ |
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Definition
| protein produced by RB protein that restrains cell prolif in the absence of growth factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to Rb so that it cannot perform its function of restraining passage through the restriction point and cell prolif speeds up unchecked. |
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Definition
| upon accumulating- due to DNA damage, the cell is guided toward apoptosis. |
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Definition
| protein that marks p53 for destruction by linking it to a small protein called ubiquitin. |
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Definition
| cell's main protein destruction machine. |
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Term
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Definition
| they block the activity of Cdk-cyclin complexes. |
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Term
| dominant negative mutation |
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Definition
| mutation of single copy of gene that inactivates p53 so that even a normal copy of the gene can't do anything. |
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Definition
| tumor suppressor in association with familial adenomatous polyposis. |
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Term
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Definition
| phophatidylinositol 3-kinase |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. plasma membrane lipid involved in Ras-MAPK pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| protein kinase. it catalyzes phophorylation of several key target proteins |
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Term
| tranforming growth factor beta |
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Definition
| Beta(TGFbeat).protein that can stimulate of inhibit cell proliferation. |
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Term
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Definition
| class of proteins phosphorylated by type I receptors. can bind to additional protein |
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Definition
| tumor suppresssor that codes for 2 different proteins that are independently on 2 of these pathways. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| directly involved in restraining cell prolif. |
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Term
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Definition
| doesn't disrupt the normal controls on cells by itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomal instabilities caused by defects in a variety of tumor suppressors. |
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Term
| Rad50 exonuclease complex |
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Definition
| remove nucleotidefrom one strand of the broken-end of a DNA double helix to expose single-strand segement on opposite strand |
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Term
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Definition
| cells with abnormal number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| monitors chromosmoe attachment to the spindle and prevents movement form beginnning until all chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| stage of mitosis when chromosomes mvoe toward opposite polies of the bitotic spindle |
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Term
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Definition
| bind to chromosomes that are unattached to mitotic spindle and are converted into a Mad-Bub multiprotein complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| alterations that are based on changeing the expression of a gene rather than mutating it. |
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Term
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Definition
| methyl group attached to the base C in DNA at sites where it is located adjacent to the base G. |
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