Term
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Definition
| Nitrate interaction: "catastrophic" drop in BP -> tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| Caution in pilots: blue/green colors altered |
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Term
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Definition
| Counsel patients on reporting symptoms of angina, dizziness, hearing, or visual disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug interaction with Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Biaxin, and grapefruit juice. These increase potentcy of drug and ADRs |
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Term
| Sildenafil (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) |
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Definition
| Rate of absorption is reduced with a high fat meal |
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Term
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Definition
| For elderly patients taking anti-HTN and diuretics, counsel them on laying down (side by side)to promote blood flow to genital area while taking this drug |
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Term
| Revatio (Sildenafil 20mg) |
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Definition
| Indication: Pulmonary HTN |
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Term
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Definition
Precaution: Possible QT prolongation
ED med |
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Term
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Definition
ED med
Longer acting
Can be taken with food |
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Term
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Definition
ED med
Urethral suppository
No systemic effects
Counsel pt to urinate first
Caution: Priapism, potential for clots |
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Term
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Definition
| Injection for erectile dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
Prototype for BPH
Some effect on peripheral vasculature
Counsel to stand up slowly, and double voiding
Caution: Potential for floppy iris syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
Indicated for BPH
Interaction with CYP 3A4 imhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha-1 blocker indicated for BPH |
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Term
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Definition
Indication: BPH
Caution: PSA reduction by 50%
Pregnant women should not handle active ingredient
OTC counsel: antihistimines
6 months + for results
Best for men with larger prostate
Off label use for trans-gender male patients prior to surgery |
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Term
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Definition
Indiction: BPH
Manufacturer claims response within weeks
No generic available |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits involutnary detrusor muscle contractions
Indication: Urinary incontinence
Precaution: Narrow angle glaucoma
SE: Dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| Urinary Incontinence med with the least dry mouth effect |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-spasmodic for overactive bladder with symptoms of urge incontinence.
Advantage: Slightly more selective for bladder and less dry mouth
Can be used by both men and women |
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Term
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Definition
Indication: Overactive bladder
Less interactions: No CYP-450 |
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Term
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Definition
Extended release
Indication: Overactive bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-cholinergic
GI anti-spasmodic
Used in hospice patients as a drying agent
Very powerful |
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Term
| Methenamine Mandelate (Mandelamine) |
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Definition
Converted to formaldehyde
Urinary Anti-microbial
Counsel: Acidify urine with cranberry juice or vitamin C
Sulfa interaction |
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Term
| Nitrofurantoin (Microdantin, Macrobid) |
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Definition
Large flakes: GI upset, take with food or milk
Urinary Anti-microbial
Caution: Pulmonary adverse effects
Chronic use: permanent damage; pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure
Precaution: G6PD deficiency patients
Contraindicate of Clcr is less than 60 mL |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Urinary Anti-microbial
UTI, intestinal infections, traveler's diarrhea
Counsel: No antacids, chelation
Caution: confusion with name |
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Term
| Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) |
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Definition
analgesic effect on urinary tract mucosa (not anti-bacterial)
SE: Urine color change (red-orange)
Take with food or water
Not for long term use |
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Term
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Definition
Bladder overactivity; contracts inapproprately
Pts go to the bathroom every couple of hours and often wet the bed at night
Pts wet themselves if they do not get to a bathroom immediately |
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Term
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Definition
Urine leaks when pt coughs, sneezes, laughs, or stands up
Pts avoid exercise
Pts can sleep thru the night, but leak upon getting out of bed
Tx: Sudafed |
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Term
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Definition
Bladder under-activity
Frequently get up to urinate during the night
Pts take a long time to urinate and have a weak, dribbling stream
Urinate in small amounts, and do not feel completely empty
Dribble urine througout the day
Caused by anti-cholinergics |
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Term
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Definition
| Urge + any other type of incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by dementia, cognitive deficits, infections, diabetes, parkinsons, constipation with straining, or malignancy |
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Term
Common causes of UTI
Delirium, Dementia, depression
Infection
Atrophic Vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals
Psychological pain
Excess fluid
Restricted mobility
Stool (constipation) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Structurally related to folic acid and acts as a folic acid antagonist
Antimetabolite
Growth of rapidly proliferating cells is affected more than growth of normal tissue
Compliance with blood tests, liver tests
PO: Psoriasis, RA; IV: cancer
Taken once a week at 12 hour intervals |
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Term
| 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP, Purinethol) |
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Definition
Antimetabolite
Maintence of remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Beneficial in the treatment of crohn's disease
Catalyzed by XO...reduce the dose of this drug by 75% if pt is taking allopurinol for hyperuricemia |
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Term
| 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU, Fluorouracil) |
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Definition
Antimetabolite
Used primarily in the treatment of slowly growing solid tumors
Given IV d/t toxicity to GI tract
Skin cancer: administered topically
Removed in urine, dose must be adjusted for impaired hepatic function |
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Term
|
Definition
Adverse effects include N/V, diarrhea, and alopecia, severe ulceration of oral and GI mucosa, bone marrow depression and anorexia
Allopurionl mouthwash to reduce oral toxicity
Hand/foot syndrome seen with extended use |
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Term
|
Definition
Antibiotic...disruption of DNA function
ADR: Bone marrow suppression |
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Term
| Daxorubicin or Daunorubicin |
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Definition
Antibiotic...disruption of DNA function
ADR: Irreversible cardiotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic...disrupt DNA function
ADR: Pulmonary Fibrosis |
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Term
| Meclorethamine (Mustargen) |
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Definition
Alkylating agent
Nitrogen Mustard
Used for Hodgkin's disease |
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Term
| Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
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Definition
Aklylating agent
Nitrogen mustard type
Most commonly used member of the class
AE: Hemorrhagic cystitis
Take with water 2-3L/d |
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthetic analong of Cyclophosphamide |
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Term
| Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) |
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Definition
Toxicity: alopecia, N/V, diarrhea, bone marrow depression, leukocytosis, hemorrhagic cystits (which leads to bladder fibrosis)
IV injection of MESNA inactivates toxic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
Oral alkylting aget used for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Has moderate hematologic toxicities and upsets the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
Oral alkylating agent used in the treatment of lymphocytic leukemia
Hematologic toxicity and upsets the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
Oral alkylating agent used against chronic granulocytic leukemia
Major toxicity: Myelosuppression, also causes pulmonary fibrosis |
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Term
| Vincristine (Oncovin) and Vinblastine (Velban) |
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Definition
Derived from periwinkle plant
Usually administered in combo with other drugs
block mitosis in metaphase, causing cells to be non-functional (no proliferation)
ADR: Peripheral Neuropathy (parasthesias, loss of reflexes, foot drop, ataxia) |
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Term
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Definition
First member of taxane family used in chemo
Good activity against advanced ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
Deriviative of Taxol.
More potent than taxol |
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Term
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Definition
Do not give to patient with neutropenia
AE: Transient asymptomatic bradycardia, alopecia is common, less common is vomiting/diarrhea. AE: Peripheral neuropathy
Premedicate with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine |
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Term
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Definition
| Periphral neuropathy, and fluid retention are common AEs |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroid
Used in treatment of lymphomas
Used to induce remission in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and it both Hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas
AE: predispose to infection, stomach ulcers, and pancreatitis
cataract formation, glaucoma, and mood change |
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Term
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Definition
Take with food or milk
High doses should be tapered down
Potential for hyperglycemia
Potential for osteoporosis
Potential for abuse |
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Term
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Definition
Estrogen receptor antagonist
SERM
First line treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
Used prophylactically in reducing breast cancer in high risk women
Only approved for 5 years of use
AE: Hot flashes, N/V, Skin rash, Vaginal bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia may require cessation of drug
May cause increased bone pain if bone metastasis
Can cause endometrial cancer
Can cause thromboembolism and visual effects
Major Interaction: estrogens from hormone replacements (Premarin), cancellation effect |
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Term
| Anastrazole (Arimidex) and Letrozole (Femara) |
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Definition
Non-steroidal
Second-line treatment of breast cancer
orally active and cause almost total suppression of estrogen synthesis |
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Term
| Progestin (Megestrol Acetate, Megace) |
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Definition
| For patients who have failed traditional therapy, also used to stimulate weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
Analog of GnRH
Used in prostatic cancer, with regression of tumor and relief of bone pain
Available as an injection
Also used for endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and precocius puberty
AE: impotence, hot flashes, tumor flare
Associated with thromboemboli, MI, strokes and gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Similar to Leupron, but inplanted intramuscularly |
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Term
| Flutamide (Eulexin) and Bicalutamide (Casodex) |
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Definition
Treatment of prostate cancer
Blocker of testosterone target tissue
Administered in combo with leuprolide or goserelin
Taken orally
SE: Gynecomastia and GI distress
One of these drugs: AE = Liver failure |
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Term
|
Definition
Antidote to folic acid antagonists
Rescues bone marrow and gastrointestinal cells from MTX
Folinic acid
IV: rescue after high dose MTX
PO: used with folic acid antagonists |
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Term
|
Definition
Converted to 6-MP
Allopurinol reaction (decrease dose of this drug by 75%)
Report: sore throats
Used in kidney transplant rejection, Lupus, RA, and crohn's dz |
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Term
|
Definition
Acts primarily on lymphocytes
inhibits formation of cytotoxic t lymphocytes
Indications: Prophylaxis of organ rejection in allogenic renal, cardiac, or heptic transplant. Psoriasis, rheumatoid arthrits, myasthenia gravis, and lupus
Use with cyclosporine
Avoid simultaneous administration with antacids or cholestyramine
BBW: increased susceptibility to infection and development of lymphoma
Fetal damage has been reported |
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