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Canadian Politics&Democracy Topic 1-4
Ideologies, Social Economic, Constitutions, Charter, Federalism, Parties, Elections, Media
58
Plant Sciences
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2011

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Term
Coersion
Definition
a form of power based on the use or threat of force (eg. fines, imprisonment) 
Term
Elite Accomodation
Definition
early 1970s - Robert Presthus - study of the representation of interests in the political process. Elites work with elites to make decisions.
Term
Embedded State
Definition
Mid 1980s - Alan Cairns - Choices of past governments lead to commitments for future governments that become hard to eliminate. ("Turning around a huge oil tanker is child's play compared to changing gov't")
Term
Pluralism 
Definition

Politics is a competition between groups. An explanation of politics that sees organized interests as teh central fact of political lfe adn expalins politics chiefly in terms of the activities of groups.

-Society-centred groups form in society and impact state

-State-centred groups not necessarily equal and politicians can have interests not articulated by societal demands

Term
Feminism
Definition

State is inherently patriarchal and serves male dominance.

A framework for interpreting and explaining politics and society that sees gender as the fundemental basis of conflict in society and associates politics, in all its forms, with the systematic domination of males over females

Term
Class Analysis
Definition

State perpetuates economic system to the benefit of the monied class. Rich people get to govern

A perspective on politics hat insists on the overriding importance of social classes based on their relationship to the means of producing and distributing wealth.

Term
Post-modernism
Definition

State represses some values and legitimizes others. 

Government chooses a group that they want to protect and they promote them (white middle class monied heterosexual family men.)

A world view that rejects absolute truths of any kind and conceives of state-society relations as contingent and relative but of the state as nonetheless oppressive, whereby oppression may be targeted at groups based on their race, gender, ethnicity, sexual preference, or some other trait that places them outside the dominant group in control of the levers of state power. 

Term
Government
Definition
The elected individuals and party controling the state at a particular point in time.
Term
Power
Definition

Ability of one actor to impose its will on another.

 

Term
State
Definition
The structure through which public authority is exercises, including the legislature, bureaucracy, courts, police, armed forces, and other publicly owned or controlled institutions, such as schools and hospitals. 
Term

Democracy

 

Definition

Political system based on the formal equality of all citizens, in which ther eis a realistic possibilty that voeters can replace the government, and in which certain basic rights and freedoms are protected. 

Institutions (free and fair elections)

Equality (Chavez: equality, dignity, inclusiveness)

Cultural role in perpetuating democracy? (Almond and Verba)

Term

Social Capital

(name 8 influences)

Definition

A concept that refers to norms of interpersonal trust, a sense of civic duty, and a belief that one's political and participation matters. 

Contemporary theorists like Robert Putnam argue that the successful functioning of democracies depends on a high level of social capital among the general population.

Social capital reflects the power within society that the individual derives from attachment to social networks, such as work, church groups, community associations, clubs and the like.

  1. Sense of belonging
  2. Networks 
  3. Feeling of Trust&Safety
  4. Reciprocity (pay it forward - homoeconomics - i'll help you if you help me. I wont go to your funeral unless you help me)
  5. Participation
  6. Citizen Power/Proactivity
  7. Values, Norms Outlook in Life
  8. Diversity

Term
Rule of Law
Definition
"It means" said Eugene Forsey (1904-91), "that everyone is subject to the law, that no one, no matter how important or powerful, is above the law." 
Term
Fault Lines
Definition

French/English

Canada/America (created after the civil war; Canada was create dot make distinction from US)

Regionalism

 

New: Gender, Aboriginal rights, Environment, Multiculturalism

 

 

Term
Canada Clause
Definition

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A Clause in the Charlottetown Accord that would have recognized the province of Queebec as a distinct society within Canada, aboriginal rights, sex equality and other principles. Section 23

Term
Collectivism
Definition

Interdependence of citizens in a collective group.

Leftist ideology- attribute greater weight to sical and economic circumstances as determinates of one's opportunities and achievements. Reject the claim that the size and scope of gov't needs to be trimmed. 

Term
Individualism
Definition
Blieves that a person should achieve a life due principally due to their own efforts - the welfare of society is best promoted by allowing indivdls to pursue their own interests.
Term
Deference to Authority
Definition

Canadian symbol: Mounted POLICE

Trust police is a canadian value. 

Term
Egalitarianism
Definition

Constitutional recognition of man/woman. Large population of unmarried couples. Same-sex marriage.

Distinguishing Canadian Value

Term
Initiative
Definition
Demand for Direct Popular Participation (referendum) 
Term
Particularism
Definition

Chinese-Candian. Persian-Canadian

Diversity and Tolerance is a distinguishing canadian value

Term
Political Culture
Definition

The feeling of what is political. Beliefs regarding teh role of a state. Orientations to the decision-making apparatus.

Ex) Gun control in CND vs US. In US, ppl seek protection from the gov't. Canada, we feel very opposed to households holding guns.

Term
Political Efficacy
Definition

How we can change the syste. A way to measure political culture. 

Explains a citizen's trust in gov't and their belief that they can influence public affairs. voting. apathy.

Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition

Legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of the people. 

Social contract has a similar idea, where the community agrees on the rule of law. General will.

Term
Parochial
Definition

Relating to a church group. 

Also, narrow-minded point of view.

 

 

Term
Fragment Theory
Definition

(Hartz-Horowitz)

Only a small group of people who immigrate to Canada. Usually working-educated, family etc.

These people take certain fragments and values of their native country and reject others.

When French came to Canada, they resisted change while in Europe the language evolved. Congealment theory. Gel to new culture. 

Term
Formative/ Founding events
Definition

(Lipset)

American Revolution formed the US. this was a formative event for Canada. 

Lipset says the formative event was the Americal Revolution because that's when we became "not-America"

Term
Staples Theory
Definition

(Innis)

Cultural implications of economic structures.

One province is good at one industry so they have a different economy (Class analysis) Marxists say "economy creates culture"

Term
Five Waves of Immigration
Definition

France (1760-PQ/Acadia)

Loyalists (1780-Maritimes/ON)

Britain (1815-1851-ON/Maritimes)

Britain/US/Continental Europe (1890-1920-West/ON)

Asia/Southern Europe/Carribean/Latin America (1945-...Metro Canada)

Term
5 Distinguishing Canadian Values
Definition

  1. Individualism vs. Collectivism
  2. Particularism
  3. Deference to Authority
  4. Egalitarianism
  5. Caution, Nonviolent, Diffidene
  6. attached to land
  7. bilingual
  8. federation
  9. British parlimentary system

Term
Post-materialsim
Definition

Inglehart:people born after 1945 have never lived with material or physical insecurity, so feel differently about police ,education, relgion, economy, human rights, etc.

Attaches comparatively greater importance to human needs for belonging, self-esteem, and personal fulfillment than does materialism (economic security & well-being.)

New politics- ideas, free speech, beautiful cities, less impersonal society.  

 

Term
Aboriginal self-government
Definition

Oka crisis - land dispute between Mohawk and city of Oka in Quebec. Oka wanted to build a golf course over the land of Mohwak which included a pineland and burial ground for ancestors. After 78 days, the expansion plans were cancelled. 

Struggle between the traditional independence of Native communities and the authority of, first European colonial authorities and then that of teh Canadian state. Native people claim that the land belongs to them and they have rights over it's dealings. Many parts of the north, west and east are not part of the constitution which are covered by treaties, as well many natives have not signed the treaty. Does that mean they are not subject to canadian law? The government has always opposed this. Gov't declares Native self-government does not mean sovereign independence and canadian law does apply to all land.

Term
Allaire Report
Definition

A report written by the constitutional reform committee, chaired by Jean Allaire. It recommends a transfer of power from Cnd gov't to Qbc gov't. "A Quebec Free to Choose."

It proposed that the 22 areas, currently under fed jurisdiction be handed over to Quebec, areas including public healthcare, culture, communications, environment, agriculture, and public security, as well as abolition of Senate. Some areas would be left to fed, like defense and currency.

After Meech lake Accord failed, the Liberal party adopted it as future changes to constitution.

Support for sovereignty grew in Qbc after Meech failed. 

 

Term
British North America Act
Definition

BNA 1867

The Constitution Act of 1867

-Section 91 and 92 on the distribution of powers between fed and prov gov't

-Before 1982: parlimentary supremacy. They could do many things (Detain Japanese) They could do anythign "within their provincial responsibilities"

In 1867-No supreme court, had JCPC until 1949, PM and cabinets didn't exist, had Privy council. 

BNA provided protection for religious and language rights.

BNA created:new country from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and United Canadas and gave provinces and fed gov rights to make laws. 

The power to amend constitution stayed with British Parliment. BNA was a british law.  (until 1982)

Term
JCPC 
Definition

Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

-At confederation, the highest court for colonies of BNA was the JCPC. 

-In 1949, Supreme court of canada became final appellate. 

Term
Charlottetown Accord
Definition

October 26, 1992

-Canada Clause listing fundemental characteristics of Canadian society

-entrenchment of the right to Aboriginal self-government

-Elected Senate with equal representation from the provinces, especially seats for Aboriginal (triple E)

-Quebec gets at least 25% of seats in HofC

-Confirmation of provinces' exclusive jurisdiction in several policy areas and some decentralization of powers in immigration and labour policy.

 

Came after Meech Lake. Failed in Referendum, 56.7% rejected it. 

Term
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Definition

-above all other law. 

-can't change or misinterpret it.

-1982

-

Term
Clarity Act
Definition

Stephan Dion

-Act denied Quebec's right to unilateral independence

-Parliment is  responsible for looking over the results of a referendum to decide if it is "unambiguously worded" and the results reflect a "clear majority" 

Term

Constitution Act, 1867

 

Definition

The British North American Act of 1867

 

Term
Constitution act, 1982
Definition

Amending Formula

BNA-Canadian Law

Charter of R&F

Term
Meech Lake Accord
Definition

-Mulroney brings Quebec to vote for him, won gov't by a large majority

-Mulroney wants to bring Qbc into constitution

-Takes everyone to Meech Lake 1987

-Designates Qbc as "Distinct Society"

(11 men in suits, gave Qbc what they wanted)

-After 3 years of trying to pass legislation, Newfoundland and Manitoba don't pass by deadline June 23, 1990.Fail.No aboriginal rights or multiculturalism.


Term
Quiet Revolution
Definition

Maurice Duplessis, Premier, 1935-1959

-began after his death

-Jean Lesage takes education, health care and welfare away from Church

Term

Statue of Westminister

 

Definition

1931

The power to enter foreign treaties, Under section 133 of the BNA Act this remained the responsibility fo the British government. Treaty making power was formally transferred to Canada in 1931 by the Statue of Westminister. 

Term
Victoria Charter
Definition

1971 

Amending formula, Bill of rights, Provincial consultation on SC appointments, etc. 

It failed when Quebec withdrew its initial endorsement.

Term
Gang of Eight & Night of Long Knives
Definition

Nov 1981 - First Ministers Meeting

Trudea led the meeting

Quebec Premier René Lévesque was absent and did not sign. But Qbc must follow constitution anyway.

->Charter & Notwithstanding clause

Term
Post Meech and Charlottetown
Definition

-Bloc Québécois

-1993 Mulroney retires; the Parti-Qbc goes form 169 seats in HofC to 2!

-1995:Sovereignty referendum held again, 50.6% said No.

Term
Durham Report
Definition

1839 

Recommended responsible government.

One person is responsible to the elected officials who have been elected to office.

 

Term
Concurrent Power
Definition
Legislative powers, including those relating to agriculture, immigration, and public pensions, that under the written Constitution are shared between Ottawa and the provinces.
Term
Equalization Payment
Definition
Transfers made by Ottawa to provicial governments whose per capita tax revenues (according to complex formula negotiated between Ottawa and Provinces) fall below the average of the two most affluent provinces. Equalization is the second largest federal transfer to the provinces, after the Canada Health transfer and Canada Social transfer.
Term
Declaratory Power
Definition

take powers if they wanted control

Federal government could declare anything to be within federal jurisdiction.

Term
Disallowance
Definition

Even the Luitenant Governer allowed a piece of provincial legislation, teh federal Cabinet could strike it down.

The cabinet can say no even if the Leuitenant Governer allows it.

Term
Reservation
Definition

The Leuitenant Governer could reserve ptovincial legislation for the consideration of the federal Cabinet. 

The LG could take legislation from prvinces and send it to ottawa.

Term
Interstate Federalism
Definition

Provincial premiers negotiate provincial concerns to federal gov't. We go talk to premiers and they carry our message to Fed.

Low IntrAstate Feralism - regional concerns are managed and talked about in national institutions. Australia

Term
MLA
Definition
Member of Legislative Assembly
Term
MPP
Definition
Member of Provincial Parliment (Ontario)
Term
MHA
Definition
Member of House of Assembly (NFLD&Lab)
Term
MNA
Definition
Member of National Assembly (Quebec)
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