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Definition
| Manetho's King List of 30 Dynasts: created in the 3rd dynasty, produced a list of kings written in greek. Accredited the uniting of the two lands to Menes (actually Narmer - hieroglyph beside his Serekh created confusion). |
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| 1st Dynasty 1 king - succeeded king Scorpion. "Horus is a raging Nar-fish". United Upper and Lower Egypt (Narmer Palette w/ Royal Head Smiting Scene etc). |
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| Transit corridor throughout the desert to access the Red Sea Coast of the Sahara Oasis. |
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| Commemorative cosmetic palette displaying the famous Killing Stance and Head Smiting Scene as well as a parade of Nome standards, decapitated enemies, the destruction of city walls and the display of the double crown of egypt. |
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| Yearly flooding of the Nile River due to the melting snows in the Abyssinian mountains, spreading fertile silt along the Nile valley and delta. Failure of the flood would cause widespread social and political problems. |
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| Nome - entry to Egypt from the south (Sudan). Known to regulate immigration. |
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| Earliest egyptian settlement - birthplace of the earliest chiefs. Loses significance in later years. |
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| Burial ground of the early kings (Dynasties 0-2) |
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| 1. Serekh (Horus name) 2. The Two-Ladies (Nebty name) 3. Golden Horus Name (Horus over the Ombite) 4. Throne Name (Nsw-bity name) 5. Son of Re Name (Sa-ra) |
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| An icon depicting king ship. The Horus falcon sits above an image of the palace with the kind inside. These are often belligerent or war like names. |
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| Two Ladies Name - Nebty-name (2) |
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Definition
| Protective goddess name. Nehkbet (vulture-upper egypt) wears white crown while Ego (cobra-lower egypt) wears the red crown and protects the king from harm. |
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| Explains the king's innate right to rule by relating to the mythology of kingship. "Horus over the Ombite" = Horus defeating Seth in Naqada/Nubt (the city of gold). |
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| Throne Name - Nsw-bity Name (4) |
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Definition
| Chosen at the ascension to the throne which recognizes him as the king of the two lands. Nsw = swt plant of upper egypty and bity = bees of lower egypt. |
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| Son of Re Name - Sa-ra (5) |
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| The given name of the king. |
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| Shepherds crown - plumes and horns |
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| Three Atef crowns - remains a mystery |
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| A war crown from the empire age - close to being a helmet. |
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| Made of cloth, commonly depicted, but seldom used. Sun protection. |
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| A rearing cobra which is attached to every headpiece worn by the king. Offers the protection of Ego. |
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| Shepherds crook and a fly whip - agricultural society incorporates its essence into everything. |
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| White crown of upper egypt (valley) and the red crown of lower egypt (delta)are made to fit together. |
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| Symbolic of the lap of Isis, who needed to protect Horus from Seth. |
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| 6,000 bc - domestication of animals, development of farming communities, sedentary lifestyle which allows for more economic ventures (goods and services) |
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| Burial ground at the end of the floodplain which contains over 600 sand pit graves containing grave goods - indicates a belief system and a social structure. Badarian pottery is shiny and black - first to contain decorative elements. |
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| Extended family groups, pre-literate, early metal. |
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| 3100 bc - the rise of some large communities, increase in the speed of advancement. Evidence of trade with Mesopotamia. Naqada pot = first scenes of human life. |
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| Used for grinding khol - soon become commemorative. |
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| The militia put together by the conquering Heirokonpolis chiefs who eventually became to starting population for the city of Memphis. |
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| "The White Wall" - first palace location, built because Heirokonpolis was too remote to use as a base for governing the newly united country. |
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| Last king of Dynasty 0 - mostly unknown. |
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| Created as a means of recording and dating goods in storage facilities. |
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| A list of important and memorial events on a very large stone - a replica of the daily king journals. |
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| Tomb at Abydos housed the bodies of dozens of servants who were sacrificed at the time of his death to serve him in the afterlife. |
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| A symbol which depicts the Nsw-bity and Sa-ra names of the king in an oval depicting universal power and protection. |
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| New royal burial ground in use from Dynasty 2 onward. Tombs of courtiers and civil servants prove that the administration is growing. |
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| Dedicatory stone bowls and clay seals |
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Definition
| Provide historical evidence for dynasty 2 at Saqqara. One bowl says "The Year of Smiting the Delta". |
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| Changes his Serekh from Horus to Seth. First to do so - causes and uproar. Legitimate successor to throne. |
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| Succeeds Peribsen. "The Powerful One Has Appeared" - Horus on Serekh. |
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| Possibly the same person as Khasekhem, or his successor. "The Two Powerful Ones Have Appeared" - Horus and Seth. |
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| First king of Dynasty 3 - builder of the Step Pyramid and leader of an architectural revolution. |
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| The architect of the Step Pyramid |
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| Dummy replica of the Heb Sed festival. First large scale structure built with stone rather than mudbrick. |
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| Commemorative celebration, open to the public. Intended to re-energize the king after 30 years on the throne, and to prove his competency and solidify his rule. |
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| Built the truncated pyramid at Meidum. |
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| Son of Huny, built the two pyramids at Dashur. Believed to be well liked by the people |
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| Built at an unstable angle, cased in white to represent upper egypt. Sneferu |
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| Cased in red stone to represent lower egypt. First TRUE pyramid in Egypt. Built by Sneferu |
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| Built the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, succeeded by Khafre |
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| The largest pyramid ever built - part of a complex of three pyramids. |
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| Son of Khufu - built a slightly smaller pyramid at Gizeh. |
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| Built the third, much smaller pyramid at Gizeh - indicator of economic tension? |
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| Downsizing of the State (Dynasty 5) |
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Definition
| Large pyramid complexes put a strain on the state, ever expanding bureacracy, decentralization nepotism, etc. |
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| Vizier of King Shepsekaf who married the king's daughter. This is unheard of at the time. |
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| Housed noblemen and courtiers in the 5th dynasty - high decorative containing biographical statements which provide much historic information today. |
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Term
| Superintendent of Commissions (Imy-r wpwt) |
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Definition
| Gov't appointed officers to oversee provinces. Began to become centered around that town rather than Memphis - are buried there = provincial cemeteries. Sons take over positions = removes some of the power of the king. |
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| Given tax exemptions, allowed to retain a militia. Had power over overseers. |
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| A new position, higher than overseers or priests which drastically increases the autonomy and independence of the provinces. |
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Definition
| Partially excavated Cayer Pyramid |
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| 18 year reign (5th dynasty) |
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| Succeeds Sahure - 10 year reign |
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| Pyramid complex which houses three 5th Dynasty kings - Neferirkare, Nuiserre, and Sahure (funeral reliefs depict bears, which are not indigenous anywhere but Turkey) |
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| Pyramid complex contains evidence of famine outside of egypt, as well as evidence of a causeway. |
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| Charters of tax immunity distributed by Pepy II to provincial land barons - damaged his tax base and manpower and led to the downfall of the state. |
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| Chooses Weny to judge a case against the queen and to resolve the unrest and anti-egyptian sentiment in Palestine. (6) |
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| Required a regency (Djau, his uncle, a vizier). Reign for 100 years. Sees the poverty of the royal court and the complete decentralization of power and prestige. Uses many tax immunities to gain favor and support, but fails to see the effect on the economy. |
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| "Height of the Wind" = burial site of the governors of Elephantine who experienced such difficulty with Nubian neighbors (Harkhuf) |
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| Must recover his father's body from Nubia |
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| The sister of a murdered king who, it has been said, murdered the officials who killed her brother by drowning them in a banquet hall. |
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| Characteristics of High Old Kingdom (3,4) |
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Definition
1. Pyramid building
2. Biographical statements
3. Tomb offerings
4. Editing royal mythology
5. Social class structure
6. Foreign contact
7. Cult of the sun god Re |
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| Attempts to curtail provincial autonomy |
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Definition
1. Reorganization of the ranking system at court
2. Tax immunity
3. Chiefs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pre-Dynastic (Badarian, Naqada I and II)
2. Early Dynastic Period (Dyn. 0-2)
3. Old Kingdom (Dyn. 3-6)
--High Old Kingdom (Dyn. 3,4) |
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