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Campbell Biology Chapter 46
Animal Reproduction (Section 46.4 Only)
21
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/21/2008

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Term
Gametogenesis
Definition
The process by which gametes are produced in mammalian bodies.
Term
Oogenesis
Definition
The development of mature ova.
Term
Spermatogenesis
Definition
The development of mature sperm cells.
Term
Menstrual Cycle
Definition
A type of reproductive cycle in higher female primates, in which the nonpregnant endometrium is shed as a bloody discharge through the cervix into the vagina.
Term
Estrous Cycle
Definition
A type of reproductive cycle in all female mammals except higher primates, in which the nonpregnant endometrium is reabsorbed rather than shed, and sexual response occurs only during mid–cycle at estrus.
Term
Uterine Cycle
Definition
The changes that occur in the uterus during the reproductive cycle of the human female; also called the menstrual cycle.
Term
Ovarian Cycle
Definition
The cyclic recurrence of the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase in the mammalian ovary, regulated by hormones.
Term
Oogenia
Definition
Ovary-specific stem cells.
Term
Primary Oocytes
Definition
Immature oocytes that remain quiescent within small follicles until puberty when hormones reactivate them.
Term
Secondary Oocytes
Definition
Oocytes arrested at metaphase II that are released only when matured; follicle breaks open at that point.
Term
Spermatogonia
Definition
Stem cells that give rise to sperm.
Term
Acrosome
Definition
A special body on the head of sperm which contain enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg.
Term
Phases of the Ovarian Cycle
Definition
Follicular phase; ovulation; luteal phase.
Term
Phases of the Uterine Cycle
Definition
Proliferative phase; secretory phase; menstrual flow phase.
Term
Follicular Phase
Definition
That part of the ovarian cycle during which follicles are growing and oocytes maturing.
Term
Ovulation
Definition
The release of an egg from ovaries. In humans, an ovarian follicle releases an egg during each uterine (menstrual) cycle.
Term
Luteal Phase
Definition
That portion of the ovarian cycle during which endocrine cells of the corpus luteum secrete female hormones.
Term
Proliferative Phase
Definition
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium regenerates and thickens.
Term
Secretory Phase
Definition
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when the endometrium continues to thicken, becomes more vascularized, and develops glands that secrete a fluid rich in glycogen.
Term
Menstrual Flow Phase
Definition
That portion of the uterine (menstrual) cycle when menstrual bleeding occurs.
Term
Menopause
Definition
The permanent cessation of ovulation and menstruation.
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