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Campbell Biology Chapter 1
Terms and Questions
33
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2010

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Term

 

 

 

List the biological levels in order:

 

Cells, Organs, Atoms, Organelles, Molecules, Organism, Tissues, Organ System

Definition

 

Atoms

Molecules

Organelles

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism

Term

 

 

 

 

List the Extended Biological Levels in Order:

Biomes, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Population

 

Definition

 

 

 

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biomes

Biosphere

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Population

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Localized group of organism belonging to the same species

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Community

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Populations of species living in the same area

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Ecosystem

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Energy processing system of commiunity interactions that include abiotic environmental factors (soil, water)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Biomes

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Large scales communitites classified by predominant vegetation and distinctive combinations of plants and animals

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Biosphere

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Sum of eath's ecosystems

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Holism

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Principle that higher level of order cannot be explained by examining component alone

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Reductionism

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

PRinciple that a complex system can be understood by studying the component parts

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Who coined the term "cell"?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert Hooke

Term

 

 

 

 

 

WHo used a microscope to observe blood, sperm, and living cells founed in pond water & reported discovery of protozoa & bacteria?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Who created the cell theory?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schleiden and Schwann

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the cell theory?

Definition

 

 

 

 

1. Cells are the universal building blocks of all living tissues

2. All living cells are formed by the division of existing cells

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Common features of all cells

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Enclosed in membranes & cells use DNA as genetic information

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Characterisitics of a Prokaryotic Cell

Definition

 

 

 

 

Domains: Bacteria & Archaea

No membrane bound nucleus

No membrane bound organelles

Least complex

Smaller than eukaryotic cells

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell

Definition

 

 

 

Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Domain: Eukarya

Membrane bound nucleus

Membrane bound organelles

most complex

larger than prokaryotic cells

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Definition

 

 

 

Long macromolecule

Main component of chromosomes

Material that transfers geneic characteristics

Constructed of two nucleotide strands

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Nucleotide

Definition

 

 

 

group of molecules, when linked form building blocks of DNA/RNA

 

composed of phosphate group, bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Gene

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Genome

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Full set of chromosomes

All the inheritable traits of an organism

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Negative Feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Output or product slows the process

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Positive Feedback

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Output or product accelertes the process

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Taxonomy

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

The branch of biology concerned with the naming and classification of organism

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Systematics

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Study of biodiversity in an evolutionary context

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Archaebacteria (Ancient)

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

OFten found inhabiting extreme environments such as hot springs and salt ponds and anaerobic conditions

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Eubacteria

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Most prokaryotes fall in this group

Differ from archaebacteria in many key structural, biochemical, and phsiological characteristics

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What are the three domains?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Characteristics of a Scientific Name

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

In genus and species designations

Italicized or underlined

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Inductive Reasoning

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Making an inference from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Deductive Reasoning

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Making an inference from general premises to specific results we should expect if the premises are true; "if...then" logic

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Control Group

Definition

 

 

 

 

Provides the experimental group with a basis for comparison

 

Cancels the effects of all variables except for the factors that the experiment is designed to test

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Experimental Group

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

In a controlled experiment, the group in which one factor or treatment is varied

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Variable

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Condition of the experiment that is subject to change and that may influence the outcome of the experiment

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