Term
| How is Calcium Homeostasis controlled? |
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Definition
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin
Calcitriol (Vitamin D) |
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Term
| What are the three major sites of action for blood calcium regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does PTH due to plasma [Ca], what are it's major actions to do this? |
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Definition
Increase Plasma Calcium
Increase Bone Resorption
Increase Kidney Reabsorption
Increase Active form of Vitamin D |
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Term
| What 2 effects does activation of the calcium sensor have? |
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Definition
1. Activation of phospholipase C -> generation of 2nd messengers diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate
2. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase -> suppresses cAMP |
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Term
| Where are Calicum-Sensing Receptors found? |
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Definition
Parathyroid Gland
Parafollicular Cells of Thyroid
Kidney
osteoblasts
hematopoietic cells in bone marrow
GI mucosa |
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Term
| What is the function of Calcitonin, what are it's 3 major actions? |
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Definition
Decrease plasma Ca
1. Decrease Bone Resorption
2. Decrease Kidney reabsorption
3. Decrease Active Form of Vitamin D |
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Term
| What is Calcitriols funcion, what are it's 3 major actions? |
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Definition
Increase Plasma Ca
1. Increase Ca uptake from GI
2. Increase kidney reabsorption
3. Increase Bone resoption |
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Term
| What Calcium Regulating Hormone's mechanism of action is to Increase cAMP? |
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Definition
| Parathyroid Hormone Binds receptor -> activates AC -> Increases [cAMP] -> activates protein kinases |
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Term
| What test can be done to check parathyroid gland function? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Calcitonin oppose effects of PTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Calcitriol Synthesized in the Body? |
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Definition
| Skin: 7-dehydrocholesterol+UV -> Cholecalciferol -> Liver -> 25-OH-D3 -> Kidney -> Calcitriol |
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Term
| What form of Calitriol is found in fish liver oils? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Major uses of Calcitriol in Therapeutics? |
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Definition
Prophylaxis and cure of nutritional rickets
Treatment of metabolic rickets and osteomalacia
Treatment of hypoparathyroidism
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis |
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Term
| What analog of Calcitriol is used in the treatment of Psoriasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Most important calcium regualting hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What calcium regulator drug classes major action is to inhibit bone resoption? |
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Definition
Bisphosphonates
(Etidronate, Alendronate, Risedronate, Zoledronate) |
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Term
| What are the Bisphosphonates used to treat? |
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Definition
(Etidronate, Alendronate, Risedronate, Zoledronate)
Paget's Disease
Osteoporosis
Hypercalcemia (long-term treatment) |
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Term
| What Bisphosphonate is not effective orally for hypercalcemia management, but may be infused to lower calcium for several weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Bisphosphonates? |
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Definition
1st Generation:
Etidronate
2nd Generation:
Alendronate
3rd Generation:
Risedronate
Zoledronate |
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Term
| What 3 Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of Paget's disease? |
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Definition
Etidronate
Alendronate
Risedronate |
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Term
| What is a side effect of Bisphosphonates that gets worse with the later generations? |
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Definition
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
*more common in 3rd generation*
(Risedronate, Zoledronate) |
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Term
| What Calcium drugs have been demonstrated to prevent cancer tretment induced bone loss? |
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Definition
Bisphosphonates
(Etidronate, Alendronate, Risedronate, Zoledronate) |
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Term
| What is Cinacalcet? What does it do? |
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Definition
Calcium Sensing Receptor Mimetic
Binds allosterically to CaSR ->
suppresses PTH at lower [Ca] |
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Term
| What calcium drug can be used to treat hyperparthyroidism in patients with parathyroid carcinoma? |
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Definition
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