Term
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
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Definition
| Caused by impaired blood flow to the myocardium, usually due to accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| chest pain resulting from reduced coronary blood flow, which causes a temporary imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand. |
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Term
| Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
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Definition
| any condition that develops as a result of sudden reduced blood flow to the heart. ACS includes unstable angina and acute myocardial ischemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| also referred to as collateral circulation, these are small blood vessels that develop to connect small coronary arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| a progressive disease characterized by plaque formation that affects the intimal and medial layers of large and midsized arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| complex lesions consisting of lipids, fibrous tissue, collagen, calcium, cellular debris, and capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| an amino acid that is a homologue of cysteine |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that affects the generation and conduction of electrical impulses in the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal heart rate or rhythm. also called arrhythmia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impaired tissue perfusion. resulting from pump failure, results when functioning myocardial muscle mass decreases by more than 40% |
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Term
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Definition
| an outpouching of the ventricular wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| the backflow of blood into the atria during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pericardial tissue surrounding the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypersensitivity response to necrotic tissue or an autoimmune disorder may develop days to weeks after AMI |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum protein associated with inflammatory processes. Elevated blood levels of this protein may be predictive of CAD. |
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Term
| Ankle-brachial blood pressure index (ABI) |
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Definition
| an inexpensive noninvasive test for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) that may be predictive of CAD. The systolic BP in the patients brachial, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries is measured by doppler. An ABI of less than 0.9 in either leg indicates the presence of peripheral arterial disease and a significant risk for CAD |
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Term
| Exercise electrocardiograph (ECG) testing |
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Definition
| Used to assess the patients response to increased cardiac workload induced by exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| creates a three dimensional image of the heart and coronary arteries that can reveal plaque and other abnormalities. |
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Term
| myocardial perfusion imaging |
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Definition
| used to evaluate myocardial blood flow and perfusion both at rest and during stress testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins released from necrotic heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| important enzyme for cellular function that is found principally in cardiac and skeletal muscle and the brain. |
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Term
| CK-MB (also called MB bands) |
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Definition
| a subset of CK specific to cardiac muscle. This isoenzyme of CK is considered the most sensitive indicator of MI. |
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Term
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Definition
| including cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac specific troponin I (cTnI) are proteins released during MI that are sensitive indicators of myocardial damage |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the first cardiac markers to be detectable in the blood after an MI. It is released within a few hours after symptom onset. |
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Term
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Definition
| patients who have experienced MI will show elevated WBC's resulting from inflammation of the injured myocardium. The ESR will also be elevated because of inflammation. |
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Term
| Arterial blood gas (ABG) testing |
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Definition
| may be ordered to assess patients blood oxygen levels and acid-base balance. |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects changes in conduction resulting from myocardial ischemia and necrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of ultrasound technology to create images of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| may be performed to evaluate myocardial perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| may be initiated when AMI significantly affects CO and hemodynamic status. |
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Term
| Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization (PCR) |
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Definition
| used to restore blood flow to the ischemic myocardium in patients with CAD. |
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Term
| Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
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Definition
| a balloon-tipped catheter is threaded over the guidewire with the balloon positioned across the area of narrowing. The balloon is inflated step by step for approximately 2 minutes to compress plaque against the arterial wall with the goal of reducing the vessel obstruction to less than 50% of the arterial lumen. |
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Term
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Definition
| a short narrow tube inserted into the lumen of a vessel to relieve blockage. |
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Term
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Definition
| remove plaque from identified lesion |
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Term
| Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) |
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Definition
| a section of a vein or artery is used to create a connection or bypass between the aorta and the blocked coronary artery beyond the obstruction |
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Term
| intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) also called intraaortic balloon counterpulsation |
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Definition
| a mechanical circulatory support device that may be used after cardiac surgery or to treat cardiogenic shock following an AMI |
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Term
| Ventricular assist device (VAD) |
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Definition
| device used to aid the failing heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a medically supervised program designed to aid people with recovery from MI, heart attacks, heart surgeries and percutaneous coronary interventions. |
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