Term
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Definition
•Remain contained
•Immortal
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Term
Cancerous (i.e. malignant) cells have the following properties:
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Definition
1.Immortal
2.Transformed genome
3.No longer obey “rules” of controlled growth
•Need for solid support
•Contact inhibition
•Requirement of growth factors
4.Motile
5.Invasive
6.Metastatic
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Term
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Definition
Steps include:
1.Local invasion of basement membrane
2.Attachment and intravasation
3.Movement in lymphatic or blood vessel system
4.Attachment and extravasation
5.Invasion of distant tissue
6.Growth in distant site
Ultimately, metastasis to distant sites will become clinically relevant.
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Term
What is an epigenetic risk factor?
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Definition
Simply: one that is not genetically inherited in the DNA
More complex: any factor that will influence the expression of an actual genetic risk
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Term
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Definition
Dietary fat intake is a risk factor for many cancers
Other risky foods/lifestyle choices:
Caffeine—good and bad
Nitrate in drinking water (NHL)
Heterocyclic amines in fried and grilled meats (prostate, breast, stomach, others)
Smoking, chewing (lung, etc)
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Term
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Definition
-specific risk
-exposure
-susceptibility
-promotion
-immune-surveillance
-latency
-malignancy
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Term
Geography and occupation influence cancer risk
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Definition
-Urban
industrial pollution
dietary fat intake
sedentary lifestyle
occupational hazards
Rural
sun exposure
accessibility of medical care
meat consumption
**toxic chemicals from fertilizers
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Term
Historical studies of carcinogenesis: Coal tar and rabbit ears
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Definition
Coal tar contains carcinogenic compounds that damage DNA, but it wasn’t understood why some people exposed to it did not develop cancer…
Coal tar was applied to the ear of a rabbit…nothing happened.
If the rabbit’s ear was scratched after the coal tar was applied, a tumor rapidly developed.
The concepts of initiation and promotion were born.
Although all people may be exposed to the initiator, not all come into contact with sufficient promoters.
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