Term
| Examples of vulnerable populations; people subject to the following issues |
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Definition
* violence
* substance abuse
* mental health
* homelessness
* rural and migrant health |
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Term
| Factors affecting vulnerable populations |
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Definition
* poverty
* poor self esteem
* young or advanced age
* chronic stress
* emotional instability
* environmental factors |
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Term
| Health care goals for vulnerable populations |
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Definition
* encourage use of PCP
* increase # with health insurance
* make access to health care easier for immigrants |
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Term
| Types of violence: homicide |
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Definition
* stranger killer usually r/t substance abuse
* most homicides are known killer (family, friend) during argument
* in families, homicide often precedes abuse
* increased rate among adolescents |
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Term
| Types of violence: assault |
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Definition
* Males are more likely to be assaulted
* youths are at higher risk |
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Term
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Definition
* underreported / unreported
* date / maritabl rape
* most violence against women is intimate partner violence
* increased incidence reported in cities betwn 8 p and 2 a, on weekends, and in summer |
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Term
| Types of violence: suicide |
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Definition
* women make more ATTEMPTS
* men more likely to die
* males 15 to 19 more likely to commit suicide than females in same age |
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Term
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Definition
Physical
* pain or harm results
* infant -- shaken baby
* domestic partner -- striking / strangling
* older adult -- pushing
Sexual -- contact without consent
Emotional
* minimizes individual's self-worth
* humiliates, threatens, intimidates family member
Neglect, failure to provide
* physical care (e.g., feeding)
* emotional care / stimulation for child to develop
* education, not enrolling child in school
* needed health / dental care
Economic maltreatment
* failure to provide needs when adequte funds available
* unpaid bills when another manging finances, resulting in loss of utilities |
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Term
| Factors influencing individual's potential for violence |
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Definition
* hx of abuse / exposure to violence
* low self-esteem
* fear / distrust of others
* poor self-control
* inadequate social skills
* immature motivation for marriage / childbearing
* weak coping skills |
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Term
| Signs of actual or potential child abuse |
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Definition
* unexplained injury
* unusual fear of nurse or others
* evidence of injuries not mentioned in history (old burns, scars, ecchymsis, bite marks
* fractures, older healed fx
* subdural hematomas
* trauma to genitalia
* malnourishment / dehydration
* poor hygiene
* inappropriate dress for weather
* "bad child" |
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Term
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Definition
* unexplained / repeated physical injuries
* physical neglect / unmet basic needs
* rejection of assistance by caregiver
* financial mismanagement
* withdrawal / passivity
* depression |
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Term
| Community / social factors r/t violence |
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Definition
* work stress
* unemployment
* media exposure to violence
* crowded living conditions
* poverty
* feelings of powerlessness
* social isolation
* lack of community resources (playgrounds, parks, theaters) |
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Term
| Primary prevention strategies to reduce societal violence |
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Definition
* teach alternative methods of conflict resolution
* parenting classes
* community services available for protection
* community ed about aging and safeguards needed for older adults
* reducing stress for caregivers
* increasing support for isolated families
* ed adults about how to safeguard finances
* teach -- no one has right to touch or hurt
* teach how to report |
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Term
| Secondary prevention strategies to reduce societal violence |
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Definition
* ID / screen those at risk for abuse or being an abuser
* assess / eval any unexplained bruises / injuries
* screen all pregnant women for potential abuse
* refer sexual assault victims to ER for physical evidence; ed re protection of evidence
* counsel anyone contemplating suicide or homicide; refer
* support / educate offender, even tho referral must be made
* held offenders deal with stressors causing neg behavor
* ed re available resources in community |
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Term
| Tertiary prevention r/t societal violence |
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Definition
* est parameters for long-term f/u
* provide #'s for crisis lines / shelters
* work with parents if kid in foster care
* refer to mental health for long-term assistance
* provide grief counseling for victims
* develop support groups
* advocate for legislation to assist older adult independence and increase funding for programs for services to low-income and at-risk individuals |
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Term
| When caring for clients who experience violence: |
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Definition
* build trust / confidence with a client
* focus on client rather than situation
* assess for immediate danger
* provide emergence care as needed
* dev plan for safety
* make needed referrals for community services and legal options
* complete mandatory reporting` |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of any substance threatening individual's health or social and economic functioning |
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Term
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Definition
* affects all family members
* produces codependency in nonaddicted individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| harms family life, public safety, economy |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of pathological, compulsive use of substances that can involve physiological dependence |
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Term
| cardinal signs of addiction |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary sign of addiction: denial |
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Definition
* defensiveness
* lying about use
* minimizing use
* blaming / rationalizing use
* intellectualizing |
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Term
| Health problems associated with drug abuse and addiction |
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Definition
* low birth wt
* congenital abnormalities
* accidents
* homicides
* suicides
* chronic diseases
* violence |
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Term
| body processes alcohold dependent on |
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Definition
* size / weight
* gender
* carbonation
* time
* food
* emotional state |
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Term
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Definition
| filtered by liver at 1 oz / hr |
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Term
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Definition
| circulates in brain; affects CNS and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| frequent consisten drinkers develop tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
* 6 hrs later
* irritability
* tremors
* nausea
* vominting
* HA
* diaphoresis
* anxiety
* sleep disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smoking -- most preventable cause of death in US |
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Term
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Definition
| CV disease, cancer, resp disease |
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Term
| other tobacco -- cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco |
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Definition
| cancer of lips, mouth, throat |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory disease, lung cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| at onset of alcohol withdrawal can prevent DT's |
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Term
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Definition
| caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine |
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Term
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Definition
| barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opioids, heroin |
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Term
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Definition
| euphoria, stimulation, hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
* lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
* phencyclidine (PCP)
* MDMA (Ectasy) |
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Term
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Definition
| volatile substances that are inhaled (huffed) -- death from acute cardiac dysrhythmias or asphyxiation |
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Term
| Assessment of individual re substance abuse |
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Definition
* establish rapport
* mattor of fact tone
* nonjudgmental
* normalize when appropriate
* seek info about substances used, methods use, quantity, frequency
* elicit info about consequences
* blackouts
* OD
* injuries self / others
* legal / social difficulties
* family history |
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Term
| Physical assessment w substance abuse |
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Definition
* VS -- BP, HR, temp elevated
* resp rapid, shallow, depressed
* appearance -- disheveled, unsteady gait
* eyes -- dilated / pinpoint pupils; red, poor eye contact
* skin -- diaphoretic, cool, clammy, needle tracks, spider angiomas
* nose -- runny, congested, red, cauliflower-shaped
* tremors -- fine / course |
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Term
| Primary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* increase public awareness
* encourage development of life skills |
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Term
| Secondary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* ID at-risk individuals; assist reduction of stress
* screen for excessive substance abuse |
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Term
| Tertiary prevention strategies for substance abuse |
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Definition
* assist client to develop plan to avoid high-risk situations; enhance coping and lifestyle changes
* refer to community groups (AA, NA)
* monitr pharmacological mgt
* provide emotional support to recovering abusers / families; + reinforcement |
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Term
| Mental Illness characteristics |
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Definition
* occurs across lifespan
* high risk of substance abuse
* high suicide risk
* some disorders
* affective (bipolar, depression)
* anxiety (OCD, panic, phobias, PTSD
* Sschizophrenia
* dementia
* conduct disorders
* eating disorders |
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Term
| Factors contribution to mental health of aggregates |
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Definition
* individual coping abilities
* stressful life events (exposure to violence)
* social events (divorce, separation, unemployment, bereavement)
* chronic health problems
* stigma associated with seeking mental health services |
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Term
| Primary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* educate
* stress-reduction techniques
* parenting classes
* bereavement support
* promote protective factors (eg, coping abilities) and risk factor reduction |
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Term
| Secondary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* screen for mental health disorders
* work directly with individuals, families, groups through therapeutic relationship
* conduct crisis intervention |
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Term
| Tertiary prevention for mental health |
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Definition
* perform med monitoring
* provide interventions
* refer to professionals, support groups
* maintain level of function to prevent relapse or frequent rehospitalization
* ID triggers that may lead to relapse
* assist in planning regular lifestyle and minimizing sources of stress
* educate re med SE / interactions |
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Term
| Characteristics of homeless |
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Definition
* Unemployed, low wages, migrant workers
* female head of household
* families with children (growing fast)
* mentally ill (lg segment)
* people with substance abuse issue
* abandoned children
* adolescent runaways
* older adults with no one to care for them |
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Term
| Health conditions of homeless |
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Definition
* upper resp disorders
* TB
* skin disorders (athlete's foot)
* infestations (scabies, lice)
* alcoholism / drug abuse
* HIV / AIDs
* assault / rape
* mental illness
* dental caries
* hypothermia and heat-related illnesses
* malnutrition |
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Term
| Preventing homelessness / assisting the homeless |
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Definition
* refer mentally ill to therapy
* improve parenting schools to limit runaways
* assist in finding temp shelter
* assist for long-term shelter
* advocate for services to provide for mentally ill and homeless
* refer for employee assistance and educational programs |
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Term
| Health status of rural residents |
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Definition
* higher infant and maternal morbidity rates
* higher rates of chronic illness and MVA
* higher health occupational risks
* higher suicide rates
* higher risk of trauma and injuries
* less likely to seek medical care |
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Term
| barriers to health care in rural areas |
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Definition
* distance from services
* lack of transportation
* unpredictable weather / travel conditions
* inability to pay for care / underinsured / uninsured
* shortage of health care providers / hospitals |
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Term
| health problems of migrant workers |
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Definition
* dental disease
* TB
* HIV
* depression / other mental health issues
* domestic violence
* lack of prenatal care
* higher infant mortality rates |
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Term
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Definition
* poor and unsanitary working and housing conditions
* less access to dental, mental health, and pharmacy services
* inability to afford care
* availability of services
* language / cultural aspects |
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Term
| Primary prevention strategies in rural and migrant health care |
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Definition
* educate re measures to reduce exposure to pesticides
* teach re accident prevention
* provide prenatal care
* mobilize preventive services (dental, immunizations) |
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Term
| Secondary prevention for rural / migrant health |
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Definition
Screen for
* pesticide exposure
* skin cancer
* chronic preventable diseases
* communicable diseases |
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Term
| Tertiary prevention for rural / migrant health |
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Definition
* treat for sx of pesticide exposure
* mobilize primary care and emergency services |
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