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c18
medical materials
18
Science
Undergraduate 3
06/02/2011

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Cards

Term
osteoporosis
Definition
loss of bone
Term
What are the two aspects of biomaterial/host interaction?
Definition
-The material's response to a living system
- the host response to the presence of a material
Term
Give some example of biomedical material degradation
Definition
-absorption
-leaching
-corrosion
-wear
- polymer hydrolysis
-polymer oxidation
Term
How is the host response to the presence of a material measured and with respect to what?
Definition
The host response to the presence of a material may be measured in terms of the local cellular/tissue response or further-reaching systemic reaction.
Evaluation o this response usually involves tsets for:
-cytotoxicity
-haemocompatibility
-sensitisation
-irritation
-carcinogenicity
Term
What are the different scales of classification of bone?
Definition
-macrostructure
-microstructure
-ultrastructure
-molecular structure
Term
What are the two forms of tissue in long bones?
Definition
cortical tissue which forms the compact outer shell and cancellous bone which has a honey comb structure and is located at the ends of long bones.
Term
Why does cancellous structure have a 'honeycombed' structure? What does this confer to bone?
Definition
- high specific strength
- resistance to impact loads
Term
What is Wolff's law?
Definition
States that bone in a healthy individual will adapt to the loads under which it is placed.
Therefore, if loading in a bone increases bone will remodel itself to become stronger. However, if loading on a bone decreases, bone will restructure itself to become weaker
Term
Why is the epiphysis covered in cartilage? Rather, what is the function of cartilage?
Definition
to provide a low friction surface for joint movement
Term
Cartilage is continuous with what part of bone?
Definition
The periosteom which is a fibrous sheath that covers the external surface of the bone
Term
What is the endosteum?
Definition
a layer of tissue that covers the internal surface of bone and is in contact with the bone marrow
Term
What is the Haversian System? What's another name for the Haversian System
Definition
The Haversian system or osteons are a collagen-mineral composite that forms densely packed concentric lamellar structurea
Term
What makes up the ultrastructure of bone?
Definition
bone contains both a mineral component, which is similar to hydroxyapatite, and an organic component, collagen.
Term
What are the 3 main constituents of bone?
Definition
- bone matrix
- bone cells
- bone marrow
Term
What are the 3 main constituents of bone matrix?
Definition
- collagen fibres
- bone mineral crystals
- ground substance, which is composed of a number of organic and inorganic compounds
Term
What are the approximate weight percents of mature bone?
Definition
-10-20% water
-60-70% inorganic bone mineral
-30-40% is collagen
-2-5% other organic molecules
Term
What is the Ca:P ratio in hydroxyapatite? bone mineral? What's the significance of this?
Definition
hydroxy apatite- 1.66
bone mineral - 1.37- 1.87
Bone mineral is not a direct analogue of hydroxyapatite as is commonly believed
Term
Where do you find ground substance?
Definition
between collagen fibrils
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