Term
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Definition
| THE STUDY OF FORCES, MOTION AND ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| THE STUDY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES; THE PROPERTIES AND INTERACTIONS OF SUBSTANCES |
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Term
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Definition
| THE STUDY OF EARTH'S STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION, AS WELL AS THE PROCESSES THAT CHANGE EARTH |
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Term
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Definition
| A TESTABLE STATEMENT ABOUT HOW SOMETHING IN NATURE WORKS |
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Term
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Definition
| A MODEL THAT REPRESENTS A REAL OBJECT OR PHENOMENON, USUALLY ON A SMALLER SCALE |
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Term
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Definition
| A MODEL THAT CAN BE USED TO VISUALIZE THINGS THAT CANNOT BE SEEN, SUCH AS ATOMS |
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Term
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Definition
| A MODEL THAT DESCRIBES PHYSICAL OBJECTS OR PHENOMENA USING MATHEMATICAL METHODS |
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Term
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Definition
| A MODEL THAT USES COMPUTERS TO EXPLAIN AND PREDICT COMPLEX SYSTEMS, SUCH AS WEATHER PATTERNS AND THE DETAILED MOVEMENTS OF OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM |
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Term
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Definition
| A CONCISE STATEMENT THAT IS SUPPORTED BY SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND REPEATED EXPERIMENTS AND DESCRIBES A WIDESPREAD PATTERN IN NATURE |
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Term
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Definition
| A STATEMENT THAT EXPLAINS A WIDE RANGE OF OBSERVATIONS AND IS SUPPORTED BY A LARGE BODY OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE |
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Term
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Definition
| AN EXPERIMENT IN WHICH A SCIENTIST INTENTIONALLY CHANGES ONE QUANTITY AND OBSERVES HOW ANOTHER QUANTITY CGHANGES |
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Term
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Definition
| THE CHANGING QUANTITIES IN AN EXPERIMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| THE VARIABLE THAT IS CHANGED BY THE EXPERIMENTER IN AN EXPERIMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| THE VARIABLE THAT CHANGES BECAUSE OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE VARIABLE THAT SCIENTISTS DO NOT WISH TO STUDY THAT NEEDS TO BE EITHER ELIMINATED OR KEPT CONSTANT |
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Term
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Definition
| EXPERIMENTS IN WHICH SYSTEMS ARE OBSERVED AS THEY APPEAR IN NATURE, AND RESEARCHERS DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CHANGE THEM |
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Term
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Definition
| OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES DONE OUTSIDE A LABORATORY SETTING |
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Term
| LABORATORY-BASED OBSERVATIONAL STUDY |
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Definition
| EXPERIMENTS THAT TAKE PLACE IN A HIGHLY CONTROLLED, ARTIFICIAL SETTING |
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Term
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Definition
| A TYPE OF GRAPH COMPARING TWO VARIABLES AS DATA POINTS |
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Term
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Definition
| A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES WHERE THEY INCREASE AND DECREASE TOGETHER |
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Term
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Definition
| A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES WHERE ONE INCREASES, THE OTHER DECREASES |
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Term
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Definition
| A LACK OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES, WHERE A CHANGE IN ONE DOES NOT AFFECT THE OTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| AN OBJECT'S SPEED AND DIRECTION |
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Term
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Definition
| RATE AT WHICH THE VELOCITY OF AN OBJECT CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO TIME |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THE COMBINATION OF ALL THE FORCES ACTING ON AN OBJECT |
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Term
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Definition
| BALANCED FORCES COMBINE TO PRODUCE A NET FORCE OF ZERO |
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Term
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Definition
| THERE IS NO NET FORCE AND THEREFORE NO ACCELERATION |
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Term
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Definition
| THERE IS A NET FORCE, SO ACCELERATION IS POSSIBLE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE NET FORCE ON AN OBJECT IS THE CAUSE OF ITS ACCELERATION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE ACCELERATION OF AN OBJECT DEPENDS ON THE MASS OF THE OBJECT AND THE AMOUNT OF FORCE APPLIED |
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Term
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Definition
| WHENEVER ONE OBJECT EXERTS A FORCE ON A SECOND OBJECT, THE SECOND OBJECT EXERTS A FORCE OF THE SAME MAGNITUDE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION ON THE FIRST OBJECT |
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Term
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Definition
| THE FORCE THAT OPPOSES THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT ON WHICH IT ACTS |
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Term
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Definition
| AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE THAT ACTS TO PULL OBJECTS CLOSER TO EACH OTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT IS BEING USED OR CONVERTED RESULTS IN THE DISPLACEMENT OF AN OBJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF AN APPLIED FORCE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK OR TO CAUSE CHANGE |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY OBJECTS HAVE BECAUSE THEY ARE MOVING (IN MOTION) |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT IS STORED BY AN OBJECT |
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Term
| GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY |
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT AN OBJECT HAS DUE TO ITS HEIGHT ABOVE THE GROUND |
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Term
| CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY |
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT IS STORED IN THE CHEMICAL BONDS IN A SUBSTANCE |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT IS STORED IN STRETCHED SPRINGS, RUBBER BANDS, AND SIMILAR OBJECTS |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY CARRIED BY MOVING CHARGED PARTICLES, SUCH AS ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY THAT IS CARRIED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES; SOMETIMES CALLED LIGHT ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE MOTION OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES, RESULTING IN AN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE |
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Term
| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY |
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Definition
| THIS LAW EXPLAINS THAT ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED; IT CAN ONLY BE TRANSFERRED OR CONVERTED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| A REPETITIVE MOTION THAT USUALLY OCCURS ABOUT A CENTER POINT |
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Term
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Definition
| A POSITION OR STATE TO WHICH AN OSCILLATING OBJECT EVENTUALLY RETURNS AFTER A DISTURBANCE IS GONE |
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Term
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Definition
| A REPEATING A PERIODIC DISTURBANCE (OSCILLATION) THAT TRAVELS FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER, TRANSFERRING ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| THE MATTER THAT A WAVE PROPAGATES THROUGH |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES THAT CAN TRAVEL ONLY THROUGH MATTER AND REQUIRE A MEDIUM TO TRANSPORT THEIR ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
| A SPACE IN WHICH THERE IS NO MATTER |
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Term
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Definition
| A COMBINATION OF AN OSCILLATING ELECTRIC FIELD AND AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD CAN TRAVEL THROUGH BOTH THE VACUUM OF SPACE AND A MEDIUM |
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Term
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Definition
| A WAVE WHERE THE OSCILLATION IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION THE WAVE IS TRAVELING |
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Term
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Definition
| A WAVE WHERE THE OSCILLATION IS PARALLEL TO THE DIRECTION THE WAVE IS TRAVELING |
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Term
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Definition
| THE CENTER POINT OF A WAVE WHERE NO MOVEMENT IS OCCURRING |
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Term
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Definition
| THE HIGHEST POINT OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE LOWEST POINT OF A TRANVERSE WAVE |
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Term
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Definition
| VERTICAL DISTANCE FROM THE EQUILIBRIUM TO THE CREST OR THE EQUILIBRIUM TO THE TROUGH OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCE AFTER WHICH THE WAVE REPEATS ITSELF IN SPACE |
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Term
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Definition
| AN INTERVAL IN TIME AFTER WHICH THE MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN THE MEDIUM STARTS TO REPEAT |
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Term
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Definition
| THE NUMBER OF OSCILLATIONS THE WAVE MAKES IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME, TYPICALLY A SECOND |
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Term
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Definition
| A VERY SMALL PORTION OF THE EM SPECTRUM, INCLUDING ALL OF THE WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT THAT THE AVERAGE UNAIDED HUMAN EYE CAN SEE, IS USED IN LASER APPLICATIONS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH THE LONGEST WAVELENGTH, THE LOWEST FREQUENCIES, AND THE LOWEST ENERGIES OF ALL TYPES OF EM RADIATION; USED FOR COMMUNICATION; PRODUCED NATURALLY |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH FREQUENCIES AND ENERGIES THAT ARE HIGHER THAN RADIO WAVES BUT LOWER THAN INFRARED RADIATION; USED FOR FOOD PREPARATION AND RADAR SYSTEMS |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH FREQUENCIES THAT ARE HIGHER THAN MICROWAVES BUT LOWER THAN VISIBLE LIGHT; USED TO DETECT HEAT SOURCES OR GENERATE HEAT |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH WAVELENGTHS THAT ARE SHORTER THAN VISIBLE LIGHT BUT LONGER THAN X-RAYS. COMPARABLE TO THE SIZE OF MOLECULES; CAN CAUSE SKIN CANCER; CAN DAMAGE CELLS AND BACTERIA |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH WAVELENGTHS SHORTER THAN UV RAYS BUT LONGER THAN GAMMA RAYS; HAVE HIGHER FREQUENCIES AND HIGHER ENERGIES THAN UV RADIATION; USED TO TAKE IMAGES OF THE BODY |
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Term
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Definition
| WAVES WITH THE SHORTEST WAVELENGTHS AND HIGHEST FREQUENCIES AND ENERGIES OF ALL EM RADIATION; USED TO TREAT CANCER AND DETECT PEOPLE OR DANGEROUS OBJECTS BEHIND THICK METAL WALLS; CAN CAUSE SEVERE ILLNESS OR DEATH |
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Term
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Definition
| SMALL PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP ALL MATTER; BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER; CONTAINS A NUCLEUS (PROTONS AND NEUTRONS) AND ELECTRONS SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| ANYTHING THAT TAKES UP SPACE AND HAS MASS |
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Term
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Definition
| A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH MATTER AN OBJECT HAS |
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Term
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Definition
| A POSITIVELY CHARGED SUBATOMIC PARTICLE; ONE OF THE TWO PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP AN ATOMIC NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| A NEUTRAL (NOT CHARGED) SUBATOMIC PARTICLE; ONE OF THE TWO PARTICLES THAT MAKE UP AN ATOMIC NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| A NEGATIVELY CHARGED SUBATOMIC PARTICLE THAT'S FOUND OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE CENTER OF AN ATOM WHERE THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE LOCATED |
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Term
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Definition
| A DIFFUSE REGION OF NEGATIVE CHARGE SURROUNDING AN ATOMIC NUCLEUS; THE REGION IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE LOCATED |
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Term
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Definition
| ELECTRONS THAT OCCUPY THE OUTERMOST REGIONS; THOSE FARTHEST FROM THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM |
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Term
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Definition
| A SUBSTANCE THAT IS COMPOSED OF A SINGLE TYPE OF ATOM, AS DEFINED BY THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| A CHEMICAL THAT CONTAINS AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOMS IN A FIXED RATIO |
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Term
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Definition
| ATTRACTIVE FORCES THAT HOLD ATOMS TOGETHER |
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Term
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Definition
| A SUBSTANCE THAT CONSISTS OF NONMETAL ATOMS HELD TOGETHER WITH A COVALENT BOND |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ELEMENTS WITHIN A GROUP THAT HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
| ATOMS THAT TEND TO LOSE ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
| ATOMS THAT HAVE ELECTRONS THAT ARE VERY TIGHTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NUCLEUS |
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Term
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Definition
| ATOMS THAT ARE SHINY LIKE METALS BUT HAVE AN INTERMEDIATE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; KNOWN AS SEMICONDUCTORS |
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Term
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Definition
| AN ATOM WITH A NET ELECTRIC CHARGE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A STRONG ATTRACTION FORMED WHEN A METAL TRANSFERS ONE OR MORE VALENCE ELECTRONS TO A NONMETAL |
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Term
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Definition
| AN ATTRACTION FORMED AS NONMETALS SHARE THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS |
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Term
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Definition
| A STABLE FORCE BETWEEN METAL ATOMS FORMED AS THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS MOVE FREELY |
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Term
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Definition
| PROPERTIES THAT ARE VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE AMOUNT OF SPACE THAT A SUBSTANCE OR OBJECT OCCUPIES |
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Term
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Definition
| PROPERTIES THAT ARE TOO SMALL TO SEE WITHOUT USING A MICROSCOPE |
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Term
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Definition
| PARTICLES THAT HAVE RELATIVELY LITTLE ENERGY AND TEND TO VIBRATE ABOUT A FIXED POSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| PARTICLES THAT HAVE A BIT MORE ENERGY SO THEY ARE ABLE TO SLIDE PAST ONE ANOTHER, AND THUS BE POURED |
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Term
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Definition
| PARTICLES THAT HAVE A LOT OF ENERGY AND MOVE VERY QUICKLY, AND THUS ARE SPREAD FAR APART |
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Term
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Definition
| A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY PER PARTICLE |
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Term
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Definition
| THERMAL ENERGY THAT IS TRANSFERRED FROM ONE SUBSTANCE TO ANOTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| A CHANGE FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PROCESS OF TURNING FROM A SOLID INTO A LIQUID |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PROCESS THAT OCCURS WHEN A LIQUID TURNS INTO A SOLID |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PROCESS BY WHICH A LIQUID TURNS INTO A GAS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PROCESS BY WHICH A GAS TURNS INTO A LIQUID |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN MATTER CHANGES IN APPEARANCE WITHOUT CHANGING IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN CHANGE IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OCCURS |
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Term
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Definition
| A PROCESS WHERE CHEMICAL BONDS ARE FORMED OR BROKEN |
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Term
| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS |
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Definition
| A SCIENTIFIC LAW THAT STATES MATTER CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED |
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Term
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Definition
| SUBSTANCES THAT GO INTO A CHEMICAL REACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE NEW SUBSTANCES FORMED BY A REACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| THE COLLECTION OF OBJECTS THAT ORBIT A STAR |
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Term
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Definition
| A CELESTIAL BODY THAT IS HELD TOGETHER BY ITS OWN GRAVITY AND THAT RELEASES LIGHT |
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Term
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Definition
| A LARGE, SPHERICAL OBJECT THAT ORBITS A STAR |
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Term
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Definition
| A NATURALLY FORMED OBJECT THAT ORBITS A PLANET |
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Term
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Definition
| VERY SMALL, ROCKY BODIES THAT ORBIT THE SUN |
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Term
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Definition
| SMALL FRAGMENTS OF ASTEROIDS LESS THAN TENS OF METERS ACROSS |
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Term
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Definition
| SMALL, ICY, DUST BODIES THAT TRAVEL AROUND THE SUN IN ELLIPTICAL ORBITS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE IMAGINARY LINE FROM THE NORTH POLE TO THE SOUTH POLE ON WHICH A PLANET ROTATES |
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Term
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Definition
| THE OUTERMOST ROCKY SHELL AT THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH |
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Term
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Definition
| THE ROCKY LAYER BENEATH THE CRUST AND THE THICKEST LAYER OF EARTH |
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Term
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Definition
| THE METALLIC OUTSIDE LAYER OF THE EARTH'S CORE, MAINLY COMPOSED OF HOT IRON IN A LIQUID STATE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE METALLIC INSIDE LAYER OF EARTH'S CORE, COMPOSED OF A SOLID BALL OF NICKEL-IRON ALLOY UNDER EXTREME PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE ALTERATION OR BREAKDOWN OF ROCK OR SOIL |
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Term
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Definition
| WEATHERING: THE RESULT OF MECHANICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE OR PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
| WEATHERING: THE RESULT OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR REACTIONS THAT CAUSE A ROCK'S COMPOSITION TO CHANGE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OR REMOVAL OF MATERIAL |
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Term
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Definition
| THE PROCESS BY WHICH SOIL, SEDIMENT, OR ROCKS ARE ADDED TO A LANDFORM |
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Term
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Definition
| A LARGE QUANTITY OF LOOSE, UNVEGETATED SAND, WIND, AND AN OBSTACLE |
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Term
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Definition
| VALLEYS PRODUCED BY EROSION THAT FORM WHEN A RIVER CUTS DOWN INTO BEDROCK IN A STEEP V SHAPE |
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Term
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Definition
| RESULT OF THE DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT CARRIED BY A RIVER AS THE FLOW LEADS INTO SLOW-MOVING OR STANDING WATER, SUCH AS AN OCEAN OR LAKE |
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Term
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Definition
| CURVES IN A RIVER THAT FORM AND THE OUTER BANK ERODES, WHILE THE INNER EDGE IS DEPOSITED WITH SEDIMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| SLOW-MOVING MASS OF ICE FORMED BY ACCUMULATION AND COMPACTION OF SNOW |
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Term
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Definition
| DEPOSITIONAL FEATURES FORMED WHEN GLACIERS PLOW UP MOUNDS OF DIRT AND ROCK |
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Term
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Definition
| VALLEYS PRODUCED BY EROSION THAT FORM WHEN A GLACIER FLOWS OVER ROCK, CUTTING INTO IT TO FORM A U SHAPE |
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Term
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Definition
| A NATURALLY OCCURRING, SOLID, INORGANIC ELEMENT OR COMPOUND THAT IS FORMED BY NATURAL PROCESSES |
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Term
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Definition
| A HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE OF ONE OR MORE MINERALS |
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Term
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Definition
| ROCKS MADE UP OF WEATHERED PARTICLES SUCH AS SAND, CLAY, AND GRAVEL THAT HAVE BEEN CEMENTED TOGETHER INTO HARD ROCK |
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Term
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Definition
| ROCKS FORMED BY LAVA OR MAGMA WHEN COOLED |
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Term
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Definition
| ROCKS THAT HAVE BEEN CHANGED FROM THEIR ORIGINAL FORM WHEN PARTIALLY BURIED AND EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES |
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Term
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Definition
| THE VARIOUS PROCESSES THAT CHANGE ROCKS FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER |
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Term
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Definition
| THE LAYER OF GASES SURROUNDING EARTH AND OTHER PLANETS |
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Term
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Definition
| THE LOWEST AND DENSEST LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, WHERE WEATHER OCCURS |
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Term
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Definition
| LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE THAT CONTAINS THE OZONE LAYER |
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Term
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Definition
| LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE THAT PROTECTS IT FROM HARMFUL SUN RADIATION |
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Term
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Definition
| MIDDLE LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE WHERE METEOR SHOWERS OCCUR |
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Term
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Definition
| LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE WHERE AURORAS OCCUR AND OBJECTS LIKE A SPACE STATION ORBIT |
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Term
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Definition
| LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE WHERE THE ATMOSPHERE THINS AND MERGES WITH OUTER SPACE |
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Term
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Definition
| LARGE VOLUME OF WARM OR COLD AIR THAT HAS APPROXIMATELY UNIFORM TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
| THE AMOUNT OF AIR PRESENT IN A GIVEN VOLUME |
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Term
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Definition
| THE FORCE THAT AN AIR MASS PUSHES ON THE SURROUNDING AREA |
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Term
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Definition
| A BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO OR MORE AIR MASSES |
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Term
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Definition
| LEADING EDGE OF A MOVING MASS OF WARM AIR THAT PUSHES INTO COLD AIR |
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Term
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Definition
| LEADING EDGE OF A MOVING MASS OF COLD AIR THAT PUSHES INTO WARM AIR |
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Term
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Definition
| AN AREA THAT HAS A PRESSURE HIGHER THAN THE SURROUNDING AIR MASSES |
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Term
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Definition
| AN AREA THAT HAS A PRESSURE LOWER THAN THE SURROUNDING AIR MASSES |
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