Term
1.2 Computers in Industry and Research
Internet |
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Definition
Made possible by convergence of computers and communication. Designed to connect computers of universities and research organizations. |
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Term
1.2 Computers in Industry and Research
Human Genome Project |
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Definition
Programs analyze complex data |
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1.2 Computers in Industry and Research
World Community Grid |
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Definition
Free secure software program which harnesses excess power when computers are idle |
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Term
1.2 Computers in Industry and Research
8 other examples of computers in industry and reasearch |
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Definition
medical imaging, GPS, Microsoft Sync, amber alert, robots, one laptop per child, game programming, internet TV |
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Term
Computers: hardware and software
How do computers access data? |
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Definition
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Computers: hardware and software
What to programs do? |
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Definition
Guide a computer through actions specified by programmers |
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Term
Computers: hardware and software
object oriented programming |
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Definition
a methodology which represents concepts as objects |
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Term
Computers: hardware and software
hardware |
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Definition
what computers are made of |
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Term
Computers: hardware and software
embedded systems |
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Definition
computer chips (micrprocessors), anti lock brakes, smart home appliences, etc.
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Term
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Definition
the capacities of computers have approximately doubled yearly without many changes in price |
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Term
1.3 Data Hierarchy
list types of data in order from smallest to largest |
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Definition
- bits
- characters
- fields
- records
- files
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Definition
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Term
1.3 Data Hierarchy
3 types of characters
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Definition
digits, letters, special symbols
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Term
1.3 Data Hierarchy
character set |
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Definition
- set of all characters used to write programs
- computers process only 0 and 1, so character set represents every character as a pattern of 1 and 0 |
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Term
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Definition
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1.3 Data Hierarchy
fields |
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Definition
- composed of characters or bytes
- a field is a group of characters or bytes which conveys meaning |
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Term
1.3 Data Hierarchy
records |
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Definition
several related fields can be used to compose a record
a record is a group of related fields |
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Term
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Definition
a group of related fields |
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
how is a computer divided? |
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Definition
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
input unit |
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Definition
obtains info and places it at the disposal of other units for processing |
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
output unit
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"shipping" section
info is volatile |
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
arithmetic and logic unit |
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Definition
"manufacturing section"
performs calulations, contains decision making mechanisms |
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
central processing unit |
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Definition
"administrative"
coordinates everything |
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Term
1.4 Computer Organization
secondary storage unit |
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Definition
long term, high capacity "warehouse"
programs or data not actively being used are placed here (hard drive) |
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Term
1.5 Machine languages, assembly languages and high level languages
machine language |
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Definition
- any computer understands its own language
- consist of strings of numbers that instruct the computer
- are machine dependent |
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