Term
| 4 external structures of Prokaryotes |
|
Definition
| Glycocalyces, Flagella, Fimbriae, Pili |
|
|
Term
| Glycocalyces: texture, composition, types, function |
|
Definition
gelatinous, sticky, surrounds cell
made of polysacchrides, sometimes polypeptides
2 types: Capsule, Slime layer
protects from drying out |
|
|
Term
| Capsule: purpose, attachment, and composition |
|
Definition
possible protection from recognition
firmly attached to cell wall
made of organized repeating units of organic chemicals |
|
|
Term
| Slime Layer: texture, attachment |
|
Definition
water soluable
sticky- attach to surfaces
loosly attached to cell surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement
rigid, rotating protein helix
grow from ends
hollow shaft
made of filament, hook, basal body (rod, rings 2 or 4, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 direction, longer with positive stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abrupt & random changes in direction, increase with negative stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement in response to chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement in response to light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many flagella from 1 spot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal flagella/ endoflagella/ spirochete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nonmotile
sticky projections
used to adhere- biofilms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
longer than fimbriae, shorter then flagella
grappling hooks
join 2 bacterial cells -> transfer DNA |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial cell walls: composition, 3 types |
|
Definition
may or may not have them
Peptidoglycan- made of NAG and NAM and tetrapeptide crossbridges
3 types: gram positive, gram negative, acid fast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thick peptidoglycan
teichoic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin peptidoglycan
has outer bilayer: phospholipids, channel proteins (porins), lipopolysacchrides (LPS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endotoxin
lipid portion= lipid A
released from dead cells
toxic to animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
petidoglycan
has layers of wax like-lipids
60% mycolic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains specialized polysaccharides and proteins
no peptidoglycan
2 types: Gram positive and negative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell w/ wall in hypertonic solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| active process where substance is chemically modified during transport |
|
|
Term
| Glycocalyx organization: prokaryotes v. Eukaryotes |
|
Definition
| Prokaryotes more organized |
|
|
Term
Cells walls:
Fungi
Algae
Plants
Archaea
Gram Positive Bacteria
Gram Negative Bacteria
Acid-Fast Bacteria |
|
Definition
Chaitin,
Silicates + others
Cellulose
Polysaccharides and proteins
thick peptidoglycan
thin peptidoglycan
wax-like lipid, mycolic acid |
|
|
Term
| Ribosomes: Prokaryotic v. Eukaryotic |
|
Definition
P: 70S (50S+30S)
E: 80S (60S+40S) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
encased in cell membrane
undulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chloroplasts and mitochondria: need nutrients from cell, but don't need cell in order to divide
Lynn Margulis
Eukaryotes formed by one prokaryote phagocytized another- organelles are tiny cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in numbers, NOT size |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic reproduction 2 types |
|
Definition
ASEXUAL
binary fission
reproductive structure formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 plane: diplococci, streptococci
2 planes:tetrads
3 planes: sarcina
unorganized clumps: staphylococci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ametabolic
Defensive strategy against hostile environments
NOT reproduction
looks like tennis racket in microscope |
|
|
