Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| manner in which a disease develops |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the cause of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms |
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Definition
| state in which the body is not functioning correctly. Caused by an infection. |
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Term
| Normal microbiota or normal flora |
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Definition
| microorganisms that establish a more or less permanent residence in the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| may be present for several days, weeks, months. |
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Term
| Microbal antagonism/ competitive exclusion |
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Definition
| normal flora prevent overgrowth of harmful microorganisms by competing for nutrients, affecting conditions such as pH levels(Candida albicans/ yeast infection), producing bacteriocin (E. coli), or filling up receptor sites(Clostridium difficile). |
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Definition
| form of symbiosis where one benefits, one unaffected. most common relationship of normal flora to host. |
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Term
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Definition
| form of symbiosis where both organisms benefit |
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Definition
| form of symbiosis in which one benefits at the expense of the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| live mircobial cultures applied to or ingested with the intent to exert a beneficial effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually don't cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person, but may cause disease if the host is weakened. |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in body function that are not really measurable, such as pain and malaise. |
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Term
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Definition
| measurable qualities of a disease, such as fever, lesions, swelling, and paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific group of signs and symptoms that always accompanies a particular disease |
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Definition
| a disease that spreads from one host to another directly or indirectly (chicken pox, herpes, typhoid, tuberculosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| diseases that are spread easily from one person to another. (chicken pox, measles) |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that does not spread from one host to another (Lyme, tetanus) |
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Definition
| # of people in a population that develop a disease during a designated time period |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of people with a disease at any given time. Differs from incidence in that it takes into account latent and chronic infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that occurs occasionally (typhoid in the U.S.) |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that is always present in low amounts (common cold) |
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Term
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Definition
| many people in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short time |
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Definition
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Definition
| disease that develops rapidly but last for a short time |
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Definition
| develops slowly but the disease continues to recur for long periods. (HIV, tuberculosis) |
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Definition
| somewhere between acute and chronic |
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Definition
| disease where the causative agent remains inactive for long periods of time but then becomes active to produce symptoms. (shingles) |
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Term
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Definition
| enough of the population is immune to a disease, so the pathogen has nowhere to grow and reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| invading microorganisms are limited to a relatively small are of the body (boils, abscesses) |
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Term
| systemic (generalized) infection |
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Definition
| microorganisms spread throughout body (measles) |
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Term
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Definition
| starts at a focal point, but then spreads (starts at a lymph node, spreads to other lymph nodes) |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic inflammatory condiditon arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins. From a focus of infection. #1 cause= lipid A (endotoxin) |
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Term
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Definition
| growth of microbes in blood, example of sepsis. |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of bacteria in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of toxins in blood (tetanus) |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence of virus in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| an acute infection that causes the initial illness |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the host. |
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Term
| subclinical (innaparent) infection |
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Definition
| does not cause notable illness. you can carry the pathogen without experiencing the symptoms (hepatitis A) |
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Term
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Definition
| make the body more susceptible to disease (gender, season, sickle cells) |
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Term
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Definition
1 incubation period- no signs or symptoms
2 prodromal period- short, early symptoms
3 illness- most severe symptoms and signs
4 decline- symptoms subside
5 convalescence- regain strength |
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Term
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Definition
| provides a pathogen with adequate conditions for survival and multiplication and opportunity for transmission. |
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Definition
| carriers. can display symptoms or not. |
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Term
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Definition
| diseases transmitted animal ---> human are called zoonoses. (rabies, lyme) |
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Term
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Definition
| soil (fungi, C. botulinum, C. tetani), water( Vibrio cholerae, typhoid) |
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Term
| indirect contact transmission |
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Definition
| infection involving a fomite, or a nonliving object such as a cup, door handle, keyboard, etc. |
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Definition
| mucous droplets from sneezing, coughing, laughing. airborne. |
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Definition
| passive transport of pathogens from a vector's feet or mouth |
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Definition
| passive transport of pathogens from a vector's feet or mouth (housefly) |
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Definition
| more complex than mechanical, involves the pathogen adapting to the vector before transmitting to host (flea with yesenia pestis) |
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Definition
| one whose resistance to infection is impaired by disease, burns, etc |
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Definition
| ability of a vector to transmit disease. |
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