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Definition
Bronze age tombs; chthonic hero cult
-the tombs were so impressive that they had to be built by- and therefore, for, larger-than-life people |
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| myths that explain why locals heroes were worshiped and associated with a place; culture heroes |
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Definition
| clearing monsters and dangers, making the land safe for habitation (savior, like Herakles) |
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Definition
| figuratively or literally overcoming death. Hero's visit to or encounter with the underworld. Return symbolizes overcoming death. |
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| Standard path of the Hero |
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Definition
Separation; Initiation; Return
(Other cards for individual definition) |
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Separation
(from the path of the hero) |
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Definition
Hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of "supernatural wonder"
Inc:
-Call to Adventure
-Refusal of the Call
-Supernatural Aid (Typ. Athena)
-The Crossing of the First Threshold
-The Belly of the Whale (AKA Temporarily prisoner) |
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Term
Initiation
(from the path of the hero) |
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Definition
Forces are encountered and a decisive victory is won.
Inc:
-The Road of Trials
-The Meeting with the Goddess (Myth of a sacred marriage; Reconciliation)
-Woman as the Temptress (Pandora)
-Atonement with the Father
-Apotheosis (becoming god/godlike)
-The Ultimate Boon (Success allowed to bring some benefit to fellow mortals) |
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Return
(from the path of the hero) |
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Definition
| Hero come back from the adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow men |
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Definition
| Cultic; Culture; Soteriological; Tragic; Homeric |
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Definition
| Worshipped by cults dedicated to the hero. Heroes were believed to have influence with divine figures and began to receive chthonic cult (sacrifices of black or dark animals; blood poured into trenches entering the tombs; milk, honey, wine drink offerings; etc.) |
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Definition
| Hero made a city, region or world safe for humans and established social practices. Civilizes a location, brings societal advancements (ie. Prometheus. He brought many trades, silks, and varieties of learning to mankind). |
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Definition
| "Savior" Hero saves his people, typically by symbolically overcoming/confronting death through a katabasis; Ex. Herakles |
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Definition
| A good, but not too good, person who makes a tragic mistake (hamartia) that causes a reversal of fortune (good --> bad)for the hero |
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Definition
| "doer of deeds and speaker of words" |
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Definition
| "guest-friendship" reciprocal hospitality, owed between equals |
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Definition
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Definition
| Oedipus, Seven Against Thebes-basis for Antigone (location) |
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Definition
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| "Panhellenic" (meaning and Hero) |
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Definition
meaning- throughout the Greek Peninsula
Hero-Herakles |
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Term
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Definition
| Cypria; Judgment of Paris; "Rape" of Helen; Trojan War (Iliad); Sack of Troy; Nostoi; Agamemnon's Return; Odyssey |
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Term
Cypria
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| Wedding of Peleus and Thetis- prophesy concerning the son of Thetis and Zeus, who would be greater than his father so Zeus married Thetis off to Peleus and throws them a wedding. Eris (strife was not invited). |
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Term
Judgement of Paris
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| Strife threw an apple into the wedding of Peleus and Thetis with the words "to the fairest" Paris must choose between Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena. Athena promises him wisdom, Hera promises power and Aphrodite promises him Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world. He chooses Aphrodite |
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Term
"Rape" of Helen
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| Paris violates xenia and "rapes" (kidnaps) Helen. Helen follows willingly because she was influenced by Aphrodite. Starts Trojan War. |
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Term
Trojan War
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| 10 year war. Iliad tells a few weeks of the war, focus is the Rage of Achilles |
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Term
Sack of Troy
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| Odysseus has the idea to build a wooden horse and give it to the Trojans. They bring it in and sacrifice it to Athena. Greeks emerge and take the city |
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Term
Nostoi
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| The return journeys of the major heros of the war |
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Term
Agamemnon's Return
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| killed by Clytemnestra shortly after returning |
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Term
Odyssey
(from Trojan Cycle) |
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Definition
| Odysseus' ten year journey home after the Trojan War |
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Term
| Works of Homer and Major Themes |
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Definition
Iliad and Odyssey
-Host and Guest (Xenia)
-Travelling
-Becoming a man for Telemachus (Odyssey) |
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Term
| Works of Aeschylus and Major Themes |
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Definition
Agamemnon and Eumenides
-vengeance and blood feud
-Feminism |
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Term
| Works of Sophocles and Major Themes |
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Definition
Antigone and "Oedipus the King"
-fate and destiny (and man's role in deciding what that is)
-God's law vs. man's law |
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Term
| Works of Ovid and Major Themes |
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Definition
Metamorphoses
-Transformation |
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Term
| Works of Livy and Major Themes |
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Definition
Ab Urbe Condita (From the Foundation of the City)
-Roman Pride
-Moralizing
--Justifying actions
--Passing judgment on what has happened |
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Term
| Works of Vergil and Major Themes |
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Definition
The Aeneid
-Used for contextualizing Ovid |
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Term
Epic
(definition and characteristics of) |
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Definition
A long work of heroic poetry that succeeded in becoming traditional, helped to establish a sense of national identity and reinforced accepted values.
Characteristics:
invocation of the muses, statement of theme, in medias res, catalogues, dactylic hexameter, ornamental epithetes, repeated themes, redundancies, epic simile, aristeia (section focused on the deeds of one hero) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Individual Homeric Values |
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Definition
Arete (manliness- valor or courage, the excellence of men.)
Time (honor-recognized by respect (intangible) or prizes (tangible)) |
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Term
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Definition
Xenia ("guest-friendship")
Basileia ("kingship" proper social order- each person having his place with its associated responsibilities and privileges)
honoring the gods (individuals and communities expected to honor the gods) |
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Term
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Definition
abuses of the Homeric Values
atasthalia (recklessness/folly- makes fate worse)
Hybris ("sinful arrogance" or "excessive pride" (justified pride was okay but excess pride that exceeds its proper bounds was seen as negative)) |
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Definition
| Took care of Odysseus while he was stranded on her island, had two children by him. Confronted by Hermes and told to let Odysseus leave. Grudgingly, she grants him a ship and supplies to help with his journey home. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monstrous whirlpool that almost destroyed Odysseus' ship in the Odyssey |
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Term
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Definition
| Sorceress who turned men into pigs, encountered by Odysseus |
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Term
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Definition
| One eyed creatures that acted as the anti-civilization in the Odyssey |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyclops who captured and was eating Odysseus' men. Hates "nobody" for blinding him. Example of being a bad host, the antithesis of xenia. Son of Poseidon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Titan who stole fire to bring to men and was punished by Zeus. Chained to a rock where an eagle are out his liver every day and it grew back nightly. Eventually freed by Herakles as one of his labors |
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Definition
| Monster from the Odyssey who ate many of Odysseus' crewmen. Located across from Charybdis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Often described as female from the waist up, bird from the waist down with wings. They used songs to lure men to their deaths |
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Definition
| Monster with a female head, lion body. Plagued the city of Thebes until Oedipus came along and solved her riddle, after which she committed suicide |
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Definition
| The life principle of the family or procreative force/supernatural power accompanying an individual. Your unique qualities; what makes you you |
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Term
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Definition
| Roman house gods. Watchful, protective spirits of family and household. Guardian deities of the hearth. They were often associated with small idols. |
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Term
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Definition
| spiritual force or influence often identified with a natural object |
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Definition
| Patron gods of the storeroom (pantry) |
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Definition
| The large snake that Apollo kills, Ovid has Apollo kill him with many arrows. |
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Definition
| Chaste nymph that Pan fell in love with. As he chased her, she prayed to other nymphs for help and was turned into reeds. Pan invented the pan pipes from her. |
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Definition
| King of Mycenae. Leader of the Greek troops during the Trojan war. Sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to Artemis so the army could travel to Troy. Slain by his wife Clytemnestra upon his return |
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Definition
| Daughter of Oedipus- disobeys Creon's law not to bury her brother. She is buried alive in a cave where she commits suicide and hangs herself. Example of following divine law and rejecting man's law |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek hero prototype; established cities and rituals such as the Olympics. Soteriological hero. Represented extremes of male behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Nemean Lion
Lernean Hydra
Cerynaean Stag
Erymanthian Boar
Augean Stables
Stymphalian Bird
Cretan Bull
Mares of Diomedes
Amazon's Girdle
Geryon's Cattle
Apples of Hesperides
Cerberus |
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Term
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Definition
central themes: mantic vs. sophistic world view
Slew his father and married his mother. He rejected Tiresias' prophecy that he was the cause of Thebes' problems. He eventually found out the truth and blinded himself |
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Term
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Definition
| Adventures: Troy, Lotus Eaters, Polyphemus, Aeolus, Laestrygonians, Circe, near-katabasis, sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, cattle of the Sun God, defeating the sutors. Prototype Homeric Hero - Doer of deeds and speaker of words. |
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Definition
| Wife of Odysseus. Desired by the sutors. Clever and exceedingly faithful to Odysseus. |
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Definition
| Trojan hero who escaped Troy and sailed to Italy. His descendants founded Rome. Son of Anchises and Aphrodite. |
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Definition
| Appointed dictator (of Rome) while ploughing at his small farm. After defeating the enemy he resigned early and returned to his farm. Saw leadership as a public service and not as a means to power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Triplet sons of Rome who fight against the Curiatii (the triplet sons of the Albans). They fight for control of each other's city. Two Horatii die quickly but the third separates and kills the three Curiatii single handedly. He then kills his unpatriotic sister for lamenting the death of her fiance, one of the Curiatii. Roman Ideal |
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Term
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Definition
| remains at the bridge to single handedly fight off the invading Etruscan army while the rest of the Romans flee. When the bridge crashed down he calls on the Tiber to save him and swims to the other side. |
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Definition
| Roman woman raped by Sextus Tarquinius. Kills herself to show the being raped isn't an excuse for unchaste women. Her death justified the elimination of kings in favor of the senate |
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Definition
| Goes to Lucretia after she is raped. He expels Tarquinius and his two sons. Founder of the Roman Republic. One of the first consuls. |
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Term
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Definition
| a good exemplum by putting her country before her son. (Her son Coriolanus lead an attack against Rome) She wishes she had never had her son |
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Definition
| tried to kill the Etruscan king but killed the wrong man, he allowed his hand to burn without showing any signs of pain. Porsenna (King of the Etruscans) was impressed by his bravery and let him go |
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Definition
| Clytemnestra's lover and Agamemnon's cousin. wanted to be king of Mycenae. Helped Clytemnestra kill Agamemnon. Killed by Orestes |
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Definition
| King of the Phaeacians. Follows xenia with Odysseus. Hears his story then sends him back to Ithaca |
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Definition
| Mortal step-father of Herakles |
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Definition
| Mother of Odysseus. Dies of grief when Odysseus fails to return |
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Definition
| Prominent suitor of Penelope in Odyssey |
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Definition
| Hundred eyed giant. Watches over Io while she is a cow for Hera. Killed by Mercury after he put all of Argus' eyes to sleep. His eyes are then placed in the tail of the peacock, Hera's bird |
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| king and founder of Thebes who turns into a snake |
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Definition
| Trojan priestess who was given the gift of prophecy by Apollo. She rejected Apollo and he cursed her by making no one believed her prophecies. Was raped by the lesser Ajax in Athena's temple which led to the curse of the gods upon many of the Greeks on their way home. Taken home by Agamemnon and killed by Clytemnestra |
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Definition
| Unfaithful wife of Agamemnon. Vengeful over Agamemnon killing their daughter Iphigenia. Killed Agamemnon and Cassandra after he returned from Troy. Killed By Orestes |
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Definition
| Wife of Herakles. Accidently kills him by giving him a poisoned shit soaked in the blood of Nessus that she thought would show her if Herakles was cheating on her |
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Definition
| Swineherd. Helps Odysseus retake his kingdom. Embodies xenia even though he is the lowest in the social order. |
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| Wife of Menelaus. Given to Paris as a gift for giving Aphrodite the apple calling her the fairest of them all . Cause of the Trojan War |
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| Oedipus' father. Killed by Oedipus before he knew he was Oedipus' father. |
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Definition
| characters in the Odyssey. Make Odysseus' crew have no desire to return home. Made them forget everything |
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Definition
| The first wife of Heracles. Given to Heracles by her father Creon. Heracles kills their children (and, in Euripides version, her) because he was driven mad by Hera |
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Definition
| Husband of Helen and king of Sparta. Fought in the Trojan War |
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Definition
| Daughter of Alcinous. Finds Odysseus, cleans him up, and takes him back to Phaeacia |
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Definition
| Son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. Kills Aegisthus and Clytemnestra for killing his father. Example youth for Telemachus. Tried and acquitted for his crimes in Athens at the Areopagus, by Athena and a jury of peers. Beginning of the Greek Democracy |
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Definition
| Ithacan nobility. Sought to marry Penelope. Violated xenia and were killed by Odysseus and Telemachus |
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Definition
| Blind prophet. Defender of the mantic world view in Oedipus the King. Turned into a woman because he hit 2 snakes caught in the act of copulation with his staff. He then reverted back after seven years by hitting the same 2 copulating snakes. Acts as judge in argument between Jupiter (zeus) and Juno (Hera) regarding love making is more pleasurable to men or women. He sides with Jupiter so Juno blinds him, but Jupiter gives him the gift of prophecy |
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Definition
| Accidentally saw Artemis naked so she turned him into a stag afterwhich he was torn apart by his own hunting dogs. |
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Definition
| Son of Aphrodite and Anchises. Escaped from destruction of Troy and migrated to Italy. Became ancestor of the Romans, main character of Virgil's Aeneid, was turned into a god according to Ovid |
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Definition
| Father of Aeneas- seduced by Aphrodite. |
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Definition
| King of Alba Longa- son of Aeneas. Ancestor of Romulus and Remus and Julius Caesar (so he claimed) |
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Definition
| conspired with leader of the Volscians and led an attack on Rome |
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| Nymph that Apollo fell in love with . She was shot with cupid's arrow making her scorn the idea of love. Apollo tried to rape her but she prayed to her father for help and he turned her into a laurel tree. SHe is the reason that the laurel branches are associated with Apollo and victory |
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Definition
| wife of Aeneas, a Latin Princess |
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Definition
| Bragged that she had more and better children than Leto, mother of Apollo and Artemis. Leto sent Apollo and Artemis to kill her children and humble her. |
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Term
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Definition
| successor of Romulus. Interim king. Religious reforms pax deorum, priesthoods and calendar. Built the temple to Janus |
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Definition
| Etruscan king who let Mucius Scaevola go after he showed bravery by burning his hand |
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Definition
| Latin princess; forbidden to have children but she sleeps with Mars (Ares) and has Romulus and Remus |
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Definition
| exposed as a child and saved by a she-wolf. Helped to create a city for homeless and vagabonds with his brother Romulus; killed by his twin. Saw augury sign first |
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Term
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Definition
| saw the sign of augury second but saw 12 vultures; killed his brother, city of Rome is named after him |
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Definition
| invited by romans to bring their sisters and daughters to a festival; Romans "snatched" the women to be their wives. The Romans "raped" the Sabine women because Pome was settled originally only by men. Sabine me went to war to get their women back but the women stop them because they were already mothers of Roman children. |
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Definition
| member of the Roman army. Son of Tarquinius Superbus. Visits the home of Collatinus to see Collatinus' wife Lucretia. Several nights later he returns on his own and rapes Lucretia. His raping of Lucretia justifies the elimination of kings. |
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Definition
| Etruscan king who increased the senate and built the Circus Maximus |
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Definition
| Etruscan king who ruled as a tyrant. His expulsion led to the establishment of the Roman Republic. Father of Sextus Tarquinius |
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Definition
| glorification of a subject to the divine level |
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Definition
| rock of Ares. site of Orestes trial for killing his mother Clytemnestra |
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Term
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Definition
| Recklessness. In the Odyssey, Odysseus' recklessness at the Cyclopes island gets him cursed by Posidon |
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Term
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Definition
| Council of the Gods. In the Odyssey Zeus and Athena discuss fate and agency and determine the return of Odysseus. |
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Definition
| the study of knowledge, main focus of Sophocles' Oedipus, mantic (prophetic) vs. Sophist world view |
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Definition
| Battle between giants. Only with the help of Herakles where the Gods able to defeat the giants |
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Term
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Definition
| to miss the mark- a tragic mistake (NOT a Character Flaw) |
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Definition
| pleasant place (Cyclops Island and Calypso's island) |
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Definition
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| Greek word meaning "savior" |
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Definition
| models of good and bad behavior. |
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| Kingdom of Menelaus and Helen |
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Definition
| Kingdom of Oedipus, Creon and related family |
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Definition
| receives all mortal souls. Often an obstacle that heroes must face in their quests. Ruled over by Hades, Persephone and the fates |
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| Founded by Romulus. Center of the Roman empire. Roman Heroes were typically civic heroes. |
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