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BWS 151
Final
44
Other
Undergraduate 2
12/06/2012

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Term
Abolitionist Movement
Definition
From 1830 - 1865. Struggle of whites (many who did it for religious reasons, avoiding being sent to Hell) and blacks to end slavery. Caught steam in 1830s due to the Evangelical Movement, social disruption through manufacturing and commerce, and the growth of literacy and oratory in the form of slave narrative and speakers.
Term
Black Freedom Movement
Definition
The centuries-long struggle of blacks for freedom from oppression since the days of the Atlantic Slave Trade; still ongoing.
Term
Charismatic Movement
Definition
Social movement whose success and failure largely depends one dynamic leader or small group of leaders. Is not sustainable over the long haul.
Term
Civil Rights Movement
Definition
Period between 1955 - 1965; movement to end segregation and gain rights and freedoms for blacks that white people had. Led to the stance against racism and segregation throughout the south and towards fighting for equality. Most significant southern social movement of the 20th century.
Term
Counter-movement
Definition
An oppositional movement launched to counter a social movement
Term
Black Power Movement
Definition
Not actually a formal movement, but it marked a turning point in black/white relations in the United States, as well as how blacks saw themselves
Term
New Negro Movement
Definition
- Political/Intellectual context for the Harlem Renaissance
- The literary and intellectual flowering that fostered a new black cultural identity in the 1920s and 30s
- Has been called the “spiritual coming of age” in which the black community was able to seize upon its “first chances for group expression and self determination”
Term
Pan-Africanism
Definition
- Grew out of 19th century efforts to end slavery and the slave trade. At this time blacks worldwide were being oppressed, as slavery existed in America, South America, and the Caribbean. Also, the colonization of Africa had begun
- As a result of these events, black peoples worldwide began to realize that they faced common problems (slavery, colonization, and racism), and that it would be to their benefit to work together in an effort to solve these problems
Term
Social Movements
Definition
- Involves a protagonist, which involves a group working towards a common goal
- Must have mobilization, resources, bodies, political support, and opportunity
Term
Slave/ry/Slave Narratives
Definition
- Institutionalized condition of unfreedom—often based on a combination of race, sex, class, and ethnic status—that severely constrains the protection of rights, liberties, and privileges enjoyed by others, and renders one relatively powerless within a society
- Stories told/written by slaves about their experiences
- A.A. narratives have a mythological structure. Most narratives appeared between 1830 and 1865. Abolitionist Era was really spurred on by the production of slave narratives
Term
Freedmen’s Bureau
Definition
- Popular name for the U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands; from 1865-1872.
- Established to provide aid to 4 million newly freed black Americans in their transition from slavery to freedom, giving them food, health care, education, and such.
Term
Jim Crow Segregation
Definition
- 1876-1965
- Mandated de jure segregation, meaning segregation by law, between blacks and whites
- While the segregation was supposed to be “separate but equal,” they never were and always resulted in inferior conditions for blacks
Term
13th Amendment
Definition
out laws slavery, grants the right to marry to A.A. but not our side of the race. Blacks can testify in court
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
Anyone born in the U.S. cannot be denied the rights of citizenship. “Equal protection clause”
Term
15th Amendment
Definition
cannot deny the right to vote based on affirming the right to vote in a negative sense
Term
Black Codes
Definition
different limitations on blacks.
Need travel papers, blacks needed to be inside by sundown. Whites have power to harass blacks.
- Created in 1865 as a way for white southerners to control and inhibit the freedom of recently freed slaves
- Controlled almost all aspects of life and prohibited African Americans from the freedoms that we had been won
- Such codes regulated civil and legal rights, such as marriage, the right to hold and sell property, and the predestined definition of African Americans as agricultural laborers
Term
Four Is of Oppression
Definition
1. Institutional
2. Ideological
3. Individual
4. Imperial
Term
antagonist
Definition
those who oppose the aims, goals of a social movement
Term
bystander
Definition
those who are uninterested, unmotivated, or uninvolved
Term
Collective Behavior
Definition
theory of evolution of individual social movements
Term
Protagonist
Definition
leaders and their supporters
Term
Target
Definition
the problem or thing that they are trying to fix or shut down
Term
Organization/Mobilization
Definition
in a social movement, these are important to have in order to make yourself and your organization appear legitimate and credible
Term
Political Opportunity Structure
Definition
political climate/assistance necessary to achieve goals
Term
Resource Mobilization
Definition
resources to pool or draw on in order to sustain the movement; depends a lot on communication
Term
Strategy
Definition
overall guiding plan for obtaining movement’s goals; the manner in which you execute your plan of attack
Term
Tactic(s)
Definition
the range of efforts social movement folks use to achieve their goals
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
- 1896: Louisiana mandated separate but equal accommodations for whites and blacks on interstate railroads as constitutional
- Used after in order to justify the separation of blacks and whites by local and state laws
Term
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
Definition
- 1954: the start of the Civil Rights Movement  set many others into motion
- Supreme Court strikes down the idea of separate but equal
- Paved the way for integration and the Civil Rights Movement
Term
W.E.B. DuBois
Definition
o 1868-1963
o First black American to receive a PHD from Harvard
o Helped found the NAACP (1909)
o Many consider him to be the founder of American sociology
o Early founder of the Pan-African movement
o Early proponent of the anti-nuclear movement
o Wrote a seminal text on reconstruction in the 1935
o Promoted idea of a “Talented Tenth” of elite Negroes to lead the race
o Articulated the notion of “Double Consciousness” for black Americans
Term
Booker T. Washington
Definition
o 1856 – 1915 was an African American educator, author, orator, and political leader
o Founder of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama (1881)
Tuskegee Institute/Historically Black Colleges and Universities
o His autobiography, Up From Slavery, first published in 1901, is still widely read today
o In an effort to inspire the "commercial, agricultural, educational, and industrial advancement" of African Americans, Washington founded the National Negro Business League (NNBL) in 1900
o Had a famous, if overblown, conflict with Du Bois over the best method of achieving black equality
Term
Marcus Garvey
Definition
o Jamaican Immigrant that came to Harlem
o 1914 UNIA (Universal negro Improvement Association)
o Promoted world trade, capitalism and Christianity
o Bought a boat and tried to transport all blacks worldwide back to Africa
o Said that whites were threatened by black pride
Term
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Definition
Montgomery Improvement Association, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Fellowship of Reconciliation, Highlander Folk School, Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee, Congress of Racial Equality
Term
Malcolm X
Definition
Nation of Islam; Muslim Mosque, Inc.; Organization of Afro-American Unity; Black Power and Black Nationalism
Term
Seven cultural aspects of Hip-Hop
Definition
1. Rap Music: central to hip-hop; goes against institutionalization and consumption
2. Film: expresses what is happening; dancing, music, etc.
3. Fashion: style is a part of the mainstream culture
4. Dance: break dancing, b-boying, b-girling
5. Language: verbal and nonverbal; slang, phrases, body movement
6. Literature: poetry slams, novels, plays, anything written…
7. Art: Graffiti
Term
Five Ps of Hip-Hop
Definition
1. Pleasure  party sound
2. Pain  adapt and transform it into art
3. Politics  elements within the culture/sound
4. Protest
5. Participatory  central to black culture; call-and-response, for example
Term
1. Narrative/Storytelling to popular music
2. Innovations in Recorded Sound
3. Potentially rich portrait of African American experience, particularly in
post-Civil Rights, Post-Black Power eras
4. Much greater political possibility
Definition
Why is hip-hop important?
Term
1. Hip hop conflates representation with reality – authenticity/keepin’ it real
2. Capitalist principles run amok - logic of late capitalism promotes
3. Promotes ethos of unbridled consumption
4. Dangers of black public sphere in mainstream culture
Definition
What are four problems of hip-hop?
Term
1964 - 1985
Definition
When was the hip-hop generation?
Term
DJing; MCing; b-boying; graffiti/tagging
Definition
What are the four elements of hip-hop?
Term
Guns; drugs; "bitches and hoes"
Definition
What is the Unholy Trinity of Hip-Hop?
Term
(Break)beats
Definition
musical collages composed of brief segments of recorded sound
Term
Sampling
Definition
reformulated segments of recorded sound to create a new context
Term
Scratching
Definition
is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce distinctive sounds by moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable while manipulating the crossfader on a DJ mixer.
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