Term
| What is the difference between reactive and proactive change? |
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Definition
| Proactive change entails anticipation of the change, while reactive does not. |
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Term
| What are the forces of change? |
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Definition
1) External: competitive forces, demographics, technological, market conditions.
2) Internal: employee attitudes, status changes, conflicts due to change, strategy, new facilities and equipment, management changes, people and technical. |
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Term
| Why do people resist change? |
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Definition
| Fear of the unknown, habit, mistrust of management, lose something, conflicts with a person's belief, fear of failure, job security, peer pressure, poor timing. |
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Term
| How do you implement change? |
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Definition
| Communicate, participate, facilitate/support, negotiate, coerce. |
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Term
| What are the steps of Organizational Development? |
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Definition
1) What is the problem?
2) What shall we do?
3) How well has it worked?
4) What can we do to improve? |
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Term
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Definition
| An improvement, done because of the PLC; it is both an in internal and external process and service. |
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Term
| What does the Lewin model encompass? |
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Definition
1) Unfreezing
2) Changing
3) Refreezing |
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Term
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Definition
1) Urgency
2) Coalition
3) Vision/strategy
4) Communicate
5) Empower
6) Generate short-term "wins"
7) Consolidate "wins"
8) Anchor new product/process/service |
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Term
| What is Organizational Behavior? |
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Definition
| Psychology and human nature of an organization. |
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Term
| What are the external influences that shape a person? |
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Definition
| Culture, subculture, group, family, work culture, work groups. |
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Term
| Internal characteristics? |
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Definition
| Attitude, personality, emotion, motivation, memory, learning, perception. |
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Term
| Attitude, Personality, Emotion, Perception? |
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Definition
Attitude: predisposition towards an object; can be affective, cognitive, or behavioral.
Personality: psychological characteristics; extroversion, aggreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness.
Emotion: intense feelings directed towards something or somebody; anger, love, sadness, joy, surprise, fear.
Perception: interpret/understanding of one's environment; selective, interpretation, storing, retrieving. |
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Term
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Definition
| The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior. |
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Term
| What are the steps in the need satisfaction model? |
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Definition
| Unfulfilled Needs - Motivation to seek ways to satisfy needs - Behavior (type of action to satisfy needs) - Rewards (intrinsic, extrinsic) - Feedback |
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Term
| What are the four content models of motivation? |
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Definition
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's Existence-Related-Growth Model, McClelland's Three Need Theory, and Herzberg's Two Factor Model. |
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Term
| What are the three process models of motivation? |
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Definition
| Adam's Equity Theory, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and Locke and Latham's Goal Setting Theory. |
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Term
| What is a group vs a team? |
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Definition
| A group is a collection of people, while a team is a unit of collective performance. |
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Term
| Formal vs Informal groups? |
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Definition
Formal: headed by leader, doing something productive.
Informal: no leader, no real goal. |
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Term
| Types of teams and groups? |
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Definition
| Advice Teams, Production Teams, Project Teams, Action Teams. |
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Term
| What are the stages of group and team development? |
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Definition
Forming: getting oriented and acquainted.
Storming: individual personalities and roles emerge.
Norming: conflicts resolved, relationships develop, unity emerges.
Performing: solving problems and completing assigned tasks.
Adjourning: preparing for disbandment. |
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Term
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Definition
Manager: accomplishes and sets a task, maintains status quo, does not accept change easily, has subordinates, manages people, takes credit, gives blame, short-term focus, power through formal authority.
Leader: inspires and improves a task, visualizes, constantly looking for change, takes blame, gives credit, leads people, power through personal attributes, long-term focus, charismatic. |
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Term
| What are some of the general traits of a leader? |
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Definition
| Task competence, interpersonal, intuition, character, biophysical, personal, desire to lead. |
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Term
| What does the Fiedler model entail? |
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Definition
Task Orientation and Relationship Orientation:
S1: High task, low relationship
S2: High task, high relationship
S3: Low task, high relationship
S4: Low task, low relationship |
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Term
| Hershey-Blanchard? And one more model? |
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Definition
Fiedler's one step further: add:
R1: unable, unwilling
R2: unable, willing
R3: able, unwilling
R4: able, willing
House's Path-Goal Model |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of information and understanding. |
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Term
| What does the communication model entail? |
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Definition
Sender - Encode - Medium - Decode - Receiver - Feedback
Constant barrage of noise. |
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Term
| What are some barriers to communicaiton? |
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Definition
| Physical, semantic, personal. |
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Term
| What are examples of nonverbal communication? |
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Definition
| Eye contact, personal space, time, body movements and gestures, touch, setting. |
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Term
| How does communication take place in an organization? |
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Definition
| Vertical, Horizontal, External, Internal. |
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Term
| Describe Lewin's model further. How could the Dean and the Chairs at the Lee Business School have used the model to make the changes that affect the students, such as, larger class sizes, restricted offering of courses, increase in fees and tuition, stricter admissions standard? |
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Definition
Unfreezing entails motivating employees, encouraging them to accept the change, letting go of the old process, and benchmarking.
Changing entails doing the change and giving employees the tools and continuous support.
Refreezing means making the change permanent and part of the norm. |
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Term
| Define locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-motivation. Explain their effect on job performance. |
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Definition
Locus of control: measure of how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts.
Self-efficacy: belief in one's personal ability to do a task.
Self-esteem: the extent to which people like or dislike themselves, their overall self-evaluation.
Self-motivation: the extent to which people are able to observe their own behavior and adapt it to external situations.
All of these effect job performance in the same way individual workers effect a corporation's performance as a whole. The higher someone scores in these categories, the happier, and more productive, they are. |
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Term
| What are the responsibilities of the group leader in each of the group formation stages. |
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Definition
Guiding and making sure everyone effectively communicates and understands the goal in:
1) Forming: getting oriented and acquainted.
2) Storming: individual personalities and roles emerge.
3) Norming: conflicts resolved, relationships develop, unity emerges.
4) Performing: solving problems and completing assigned tasks.
5) Adjourning: preparing for disbandment. |
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Term
| Explain what need-based motivation is. How would you compare and contrast the four needs-based theories, Maslow's, Alderfer's, McClelland's, Herzberg's? |
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Definition
| Simply that people are motivated by their needs. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (from physiological to self-actualization), Alderfer's Existence-Related-Growth Model, McClelland's Three Need Theory, and Herzberg's Two Factor Model. Down from five needs to two, these continually simplify what a person's needs are. |
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