Term
| The ____ beam refers to the x-rays that remain as the useful beam exits the pt. It consists of x-rays scattered away from the IR and image-forming x-rays. |
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Definition
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Term
| The medium that converts the x-ray beam into a visible image is called the _____ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiographic film basically has two parts: the ____ and the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Film that has emulsion coated on both sides is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between the emulsion and the base is a thin coating of material called the ________ _____, which ensures uniform adhesion of the emulsion to the base. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ layer allows the emulsion and the base to maintain proper contact and integrity during use and processing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The emulsion is enclosed by a protective covering of gelatin called the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ protects the emulsion from scratches, pressure, and contamination, for relatively rough manipulation of x-ray film exposure. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thickness of radiographic film is approximately ___ to ___ µm. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is the foundation of radiographic film. Its primary purpose is to provide a rigid structure onto which the emulsion can be coated. |
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Definition
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Term
| Film base can maintain its size and shape during use and processing so that it does not contribute to image distortion. This characterisitic is best defined as ___________ stability. |
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Definition
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Term
| The original radiographic film base was a _____ plate. |
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Definition
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Term
| During WWI when glass became largely unavailable, what became its substitute as film base? What is this substitute's deficiency? |
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Definition
| cellulose nitrate; it's flammable |
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Term
| By the mid-1920s, a new "safety base" for film was introduced. What material was it made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the early 1960s a stronger and thinner film base was introduced. What material was this film base made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What film base is still used to this day? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is the material with which x-rays or light photons from radiographic intensifying screens interact and transfer information. |
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Definition
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Term
| The emulsion consists of a homogeneous mixture of _______ and ______ ______ ________. |
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Definition
| gelatin and silver halide crystals |
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Term
| The emulsion layer of film is _ to _ µm thick. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______'_ principle function is to provide mechanical support for silver halide crystals by holding them uniformly dispersed in place. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ grains are used in most radiographic films. |
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Definition
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Term
| During exposure, photoelectrons and silver ions are attracted to ___________ _______, where they then combine to form a latent image center of metallic silver. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______-________ film contains a thicker emulsion w/ more silver halide crystals than ______-film. |
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Definition
1. Direct-exposure
2. Screen |
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Term
| True or False: The size and concentration of silver halide crystals primarily affect film speed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation of the latent image is sometimes called the ____________ effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the x-ray is totally absorbed, its interaction is _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the x-ray is partially absorbed, its interaction is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the term applied to the chemical reactions that transform the latent image into a visible image. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____-film is the most commonly used film. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of film is the type that is used w/ radiographic intensifying screens. |
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Definition
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Term
| The contrast of an IR is _________ proportional to its exposure latitude. |
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Definition
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Term
| A high-contrast emulsion contains _______ silver halide grains w/ a relatively uniform grain size. |
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Definition
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Term
| A low-contrast emulsion contains ______ silver halide grains that have a wider range of sizes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the sensitivity of the screen-film combination to x-rays and light. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: For direct-exposure film, speed is principally a function of the concentration and the total number of silver halide crystals. |
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Definition
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Term
| For ______-film, silver halide grain size and shape are the principal determinants of film speed. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____-grain emulsions are more sensitive than ____-grain emulsions. |
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Definition
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Term
| The more efficient use of silver in the emulsion is called the ________ power of the emulsion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most emulsions now contain tabular grains, which are flat silver halide crystals, and provide a large surface area/volume ratio. The result is improved ________ power and significantly lower _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is the exposure of an emulsion caused by light from the opposite radiographic intensifying screen. When this happens it causes increased blurring of the image. |
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Definition
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Term
| Film that is sensitive not only to blue light but also to green light is ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The reciprocity law holds true when intensifying screens are used as well as direct exposure film. |
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Definition
| False: The reciprocity law fails when film is exposed to light from radiographic intensifying screens. |
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Term
| What safelight filter/s is/are safe to use with blue-sensitive film? |
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Definition
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Term
| What safelight filter/s is/are safe to use with green-sensitive film? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you were to use an amber filter safelight when developing green-sensitive film in the darkroom, what would happen? |
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Definition
| The film would become fogged. |
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Term
| True or False: The use of radiographic intensifying screens w/ film allows reduced technique and therefore reduced pt dose. However, the image is more blurred than it would be after exposure w/out screens. |
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Definition
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Term
| The emulsion of a direct-exposure film is thicker/thinner than that of screen-film, and it contains higher/lower concentrations of silver halide to improve direct x-ray interaction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reflection of intensifying screen light which is transmitted through the emulsion and base is known as ________ effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat increases/decreases the fog of a radiograph and therefore increases/decreases contrast. |
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Definition
1. increases
2. decreases |
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Term
| Radiographic film should be stored at temperatures lower than approximately how many °F and °C? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Radiographic film is more sensitive after an exposure than before. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the deficiencies of aging film? (name 3) |
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Definition
1. decrease in speed
2. decrease in contrast
3. increase in fog
(contrast amd fog are always inversely proportional) |
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Term
| True or False: Boxes of film should be stored by laying them flat rather than vertical/on edge. |
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Definition
| False: Boxes of film should be stored vertical/on edge rather than laying them flat. |
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Term
| True or False: 30 days is a reasonable maximum storage time for radiographic film. |
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Definition
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Term
| The x-ray beam does not directly expose the x-ray film. Radiographic intensifying screens emit light when exposed to x-rays and the emitted light then exposes the film. The color of the light emitted must match the response of the film. This 'match-making' is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The fog level of unprocessed film is approximately how many mR? |
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Definition
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