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Definition
| All activities managers engage in to produce goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| A manufacturing process that lowers the cost required to produce a large number of identical or similar products over a long period of time |
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Definition
| A process in operations management in which raw materials are broken into different component parts |
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| A process in operations management in which raw materials or components are combined to create a finished product |
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| The ability of a good or service to satisfy a human need |
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Definition
| Utility created by people converting raw materials, finances, and information into finished products |
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Definition
| An economy in which more effort is devoted to the production of services than to the production of goods |
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Term
| Research and Development (R&D) |
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Definition
| A set of activities intended to identify new ideas that have the potential to result in new goods and services |
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Definition
| The development of a plan for converting an idea into an actual product or service |
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| A group of similar products that differ only in relatively minor characteristics |
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| The process of creating a set of specifications from which a product can be produced |
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| The amount of products or services that an organization can produce in a given time |
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| Labor-intensive Technology |
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Definition
| A process in which people must do most of the work |
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| Capital-intensive Technology |
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Definition
| A process in which machines and equipment do most of the work |
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Definition
| The arrangement of machinery, equipment, and personnel within a production facility |
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Definition
| The period during which an operational plan will be in effect |
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Definition
| All the activities involved in obtaining required materials, supplies, components, and parts from other firms |
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Definition
| The process of managing inventories in such a way as to minimize inventory costs, including both holding costs and potential stock-out costs |
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Term
| Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) |
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Definition
| A computerized system that integrates production planning and inventory control |
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Term
| Just-in-Time Inventory System |
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Definition
| A system designed to ensure that materials or supplies arrive at a facility just when they are needed so that storage and holding costs are minimized |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of ensuring that materials and other resourcesare at the right place and the right time |
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Definition
| A graphic scheduling device that displays the tasks to be performed on the vertical axid and the time required for each task on the horizontal axis |
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| PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) |
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Definition
| A scheduling technique that identifies the major activities necessary to complete a project and sequences them based on the time required to perform each one |
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Term
| Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award |
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Definition
| An award given by the U.S. president to organizations that apply and are judged to be outstanding in specific managerial tasks that lead to improved quality for both products and services |
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Definition
| The process of ensuring that goods and services are produced in accordance with design specifications |
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Term
| Statistical Process Control (SPC) |
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Definition
| A system that uses sampling to obtain data that are plotted on control charts and graphs to see if the production process is operating as it should and to pinpoint problem areas |
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| Statistical Quality Control (SQC) |
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Definition
| A set of specific statistical techniques used to monitor all aspects of the production process to ensure that both work-in-procedd and finished products meet the firm's quality standards |
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Definition
| The examination of the quality of work-in-progress |
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Term
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Definition
| A team of employees who meet on company time to solve problems of product quality |
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Definition
| A disciplined approach that relies on statitical data and improved methods to eliminate defects for a firm's products and services |
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Term
| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
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Definition
| A network of national standards institutes and similar organizations form 161 different countries that is charged with developing standards for quality products and services that are traded throughout the globe |
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Definition
| The average level of output per worker per hour |
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Term
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Definition
| The total or near-total use of machines to do work |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of programmable machines to perform a variety of tasks by manipulating materials and tools |
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Term
| Computer-aided Design (CAD) |
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Definition
| The use of computers to plan and control manifacturing processes |
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| Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) |
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Definition
| The use of computers to plan and control manufacturing processes |
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| Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) |
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Definition
| A computer system that not only helps to design products but also controls the machinery needed to produce the finished product |
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Definition
| A manufacturing process in which a firm produces the same products over a long period of time |
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Term
| Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) |
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Definition
| A single production system that combines electronic machines and computer-integrated manufacturing |
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Definition
| A manufacturing process in which a firm's manufacturing machines and equipment are changed to produce different products |
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Term
| Human Resources Management (HRM) |
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Definition
| All the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization's human resources |
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Definition
| The development of strategies to meet a firm's future human resources needs |
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Definition
| A list of key personnel and their possible replacements within a firm |
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Definition
| A computerized data bank containing information on the skills and experience of all present employees |
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| Cultural (workplace) Diversity |
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Definition
| Differences among people in a workforce owing to race, ethnicity, and gender |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic procedure for studying jobs to determine their various elements and requirements |
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Definition
| A list of the elements that make up a particular job |
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Definition
| A list of the qualifications required to perform a particular job |
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Definition
| The process of attracting qualifies job applicants |
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Definition
| The attempt to attract job applicants from outside an organization |
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Definition
| Considering present employees as applicants for available positions |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of gathering information about applicants for a position and then using that information to choose the most appropriate applicant |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of acquainting new employees with an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| The payment employees receive in return for their labor |
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Definition
| The policies and strategies that determine employee compensation |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of data on prevailing wage rates within an industry or a geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of determining the relative worth of the various jobs within a firm |
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Term
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Definition
| A concept that seeks equal compensation for jobs requiring about the same level of education, trainging, and skills |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific amount of money paid for each hour of work |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific amount of money paid for an employee's work during a set calendar period, regardless of the actual number of hours worked |
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Definition
| A payment that is a percentage of sales revenue |
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Term
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Definition
| A payment in addition to wages, salary, or commissions |
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Term
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Definition
| An entire pay raise taken in one lump sum |
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Term
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Definition
| The distribution of a percentage of a firm's profit among its employees |
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Definition
| A reward in addition to regular compensation that is provided indirectly to employees |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation plan whereby an employee receives a predetermined amount of benefit dollars to spend on a package of benefits he or she has selected to meet individual needs |
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Definition
| The process of teaching operations and technical employees how to do their present jobs more effectively and efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of preparing managers and other professionals to assume increased responsibilty in both present and future positions |
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Term
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Definition
| The evaluation of employees' current and potential levels of performance to allow managers to make objective human resources decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; the personal "force" that causes you or me to behave in a particular way |
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Definition
| An employees feelings about his or her job and superiors and about the firm itself |
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Term
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Definition
| The application of scientific pronciples to management of work and workers |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce |
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Definition
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| A sequence of human needs in the order of their importance |
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Definition
| The things we require for survival |
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Term
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Definition
| The things we require for phyical and emotional security |
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Term
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Definition
| The human requirements forlove and affection and a sense of belonging |
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Definition
| Our need for respect, recognition, and a sense of our own accomplishment and worth |
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Term
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Definition
| The need to grow and develop and to become all that we are capable of being |
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Term
| Motivation-hygiene theory |
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Definition
| The idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are seperate and distinct dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
| Job factors that increase motivaiton, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Job factors that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree butthat do not necessarily result in high levelsof motivation |
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Term
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Definition
| A concept of emplyee motivation generally consistent with Taylor's scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment |
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Term
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Definition
| A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes that employees accept responsibilty and work toward organizational goals, and by doing so they also achieve personal rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that some middle ground between type A and type J practices is best for American Business |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory of motivation based on the premise that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less likely to recur |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| A model of motivation based on the level of assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory of motivation suggesting that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they and their managers estalish together |
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| Management by Objectives (MBO) |
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Definition
| A motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals |
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Definition
| A motivation technique that provides employees with more variety and responsibility in their jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| Axpanding a worker's assignments to include additional but similar tasks |
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Definition
| A type of job ebrichment in which work is restructed to cultivate the worker-job match |
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Definition
| A systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior |
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Definition
| A system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits |
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Definition
| permanent employment in which individuals work less that a standard work week |
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Definition
| An arrangement whereby two people share on full-time position |
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Definition
| Working at home all the time or for aportion of the work week |
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Definition
| Making employees more involved in the jobs by increasing their participation in decision making |
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Definition
| A situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being stockholders |
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Definition
| Two or more workers operating as a coordinated unit to accomplish a specific task or goal |
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Definition
| A team of knowledgeable employees brought together to tackle a specific problem |
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Definition
| A team of exceptionally highly skilled and talented individuals brought together to produce significant change |
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Definition
| Groups of emplyees with the authority and skills to manage themselves |
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Definition
| A team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task |
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Definition
| A team consisting of members who are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically |
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