Term
| what are the different types of energy that can cause a burn |
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Definition
| thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation |
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Term
| This type of burn is caused by a substance that may or may not be accompanied by heat |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a chemical burn damage the skin |
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Definition
| It changes the chemistry of the skin |
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Term
| What is the most dangerous chemical burn regarding morbidity |
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Definition
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Term
| How does electrical burn injure your skin |
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Definition
| Electricity produces heat that burn you. This comes from the resistance of the tissues and the movement of energy |
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Term
| What are the two type of radiation that can produce a burn |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Jacksons thermal wound theory |
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Definition
| 3 distinct zones of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| the central area of the burn wound which has sustained the most intense contact with the burn source |
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Term
| This area of skin is nonviable and is necrotic |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| surrounds the critically injured area, consists of potentially viable tissue, cells die within 24-48 hours if now supportive measures are taken |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased blood flow from the inflammatory response |
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Term
| Another term for burn shock |
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Definition
|
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Term
| this type of burn is painful, red , and dry and blanch with pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| These degree of burns can heal without surgery |
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Definition
| superficial and partial thickness |
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Term
| what is a common characteristic of 2 degree burns |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for 2 degree burns to heal |
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Definition
|
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Term
| this degree of burn involves the basal layer of the dermis |
|
Definition
| deep partial thickness burn |
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Term
| this degree of burn only involves the skin layers up to the basal layer |
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Definition
| 2nd degree partial thickness |
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Term
| why do they try to prevent scar formation with burn patients |
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Definition
| because scaring prevents movement of limbs and joints |
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Term
| this burn may be red and wet or white and dry |
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Definition
| 2nd degree full thickness |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dead tissue that falls off |
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Term
| This type of burn has a loss of sensation and capillary refill |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This is a full thickness burn that penetrates the sub q, muscle, fascia, or bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Children over what age is the rule of 9's most accurate for |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the patients palm is equal to 1% of the body surface area |
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Term
| What is the most accurate method for estimating burns |
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Definition
|
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Term
| This burn chart is used to measure burns in infants and young children |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the greastest loss of intravascular fluid occur |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| it is when red blood cells burst |
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|
Term
| What is the consensus formula |
|
Definition
| the first 24 hours- 4mL/kg lactated ringer solution or NS multiplied by percent of TBSA-- 50% administered in the first 8 hours, 25% in the second 8 and 25% in the third 8 hours |
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|
Term
| How do you stop the burning process with a superficial burn |
|
Definition
by cooling the local area with cold water
DONT USE ICE COLD WATER, ICE OR SNOW |
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|
Term
| What is the first step in managing the burn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should you cool a superficial burn |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If the paramedic is forced to start an IV in a burned arm, how should he or she secure the iv |
|
Definition
| with the use of a bandage, not tape |
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|
Term
| If the patient has a burned face, how do you prevent swelling of the face |
|
Definition
| elevate the head of the cot to 30 degrees |
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|
Term
| when should you remove burn pt jewelry? |
|
Definition
| As soon as possible because of the swelling might cause vascular compromise |
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|
Term
| What is the problem with circumferential burns |
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Definition
| it makes the skin tight and produces a tourniquet like effect that can compromise circulation |
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|
Term
| what is the treatment for circumferential burns |
|
Definition
| escharotomy- incisions in the burn to releave pressure |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of carbon monoxide and where does it come from |
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Definition
| it is colorless, odorless, tasteless gas produced by incomplete burning of carbon based fuels |
|
|
Term
| Is carbon monoxide directly toxic to tissue |
|
Definition
| no, it harms the body by displacing oxygen |
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|
Term
| When carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin it forms this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon monoxide has about _______ times the attraction to hemoglobin then o2 does |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does a 20% atmosphere of carbonmonoxide affect the pt |
|
Definition
| pt can complain of headache, nausea, vomiting and loss of manual dexterity |
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|
Term
| Levels of carbon monoxide above what percentage is lethal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is tachpenea and cyanosis not seen in carbon monoxide patients |
|
Definition
| because arterial oxygen tension is normal |
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|
Term
| what is the most commonly seen s&S of carbon monoxide |
|
Definition
| pale skin with lip coloration |
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|
Term
| In room air how long will carbon monoxide stay in your blood (half life) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does cyanide come from |
|
Definition
| buring of materials that are rubber and plastic in nature |
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|
Term
| True or false- lower airway burns are common |
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Definition
| false- the upper airway absorbs the heat and the lower airway rarely gets burnt |
|
|
Term
| What are two ways the lower airway gets burned |
|
Definition
| inhalation of superheated gasses and inhalation of toxic materials |
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|
Term
| What is the most common lower airway injury |
|
Definition
| inhalation of toxic chemicals |
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|
Term
| What are the three caustic agents that are associated with burns |
|
Definition
| alkalis, acids, and organic compounds |
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|
Term
| what chemicals are forms of alkalis |
|
Definition
| hydroxides, carbonates of sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, barium, and calcium |
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|
Term
| What common organic compounds are dangerous to humans |
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Definition
| pheonols, creosote and petroleum products such as gasoline |
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|
Term
| This takes priority over transport when taking care of a chemical burn patient |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you irrigate an affected eye |
|
Definition
| irrigate from the medial to the lateral aspect |
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|
Term
| If the patient has a chemical burn to the eyes should the patient remove the contact lenses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| its a device used to irrigate the eye |
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|
Term
| what is the best agent for treating most chemical burns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are neutralizing agents for chemical burns generally not used |
|
Definition
| because they produce heat and could burn the patient |
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Term
| What is one of the most corrosive materials known- it used to clean fabrics and metals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you neutralize hydrofluoric acid |
|
Definition
| with calcium or magnesium |
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|
Term
| What is the biggest problem with a hydrofluoric acid burn |
|
Definition
| it continues to burn even after being neutralized |
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|
Term
| this is an aromatic hydrocarbon |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are phenol burns not always felt |
|
Definition
| because the chemical has anesthetic properties |
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|
Term
| This alkali is noxious, irritating gas that is water soluble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The respiratory injury from ammonia vapors depends on two things, what are they? |
|
Definition
| concentration and ruation of exposure |
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|
Term
| What are forms of alkali metals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you treat a patient with alkali metal embedded in the skin |
|
Definition
| Do not rinse with water because the water could react with the metal causing large amounts of heat. Cover the wound with oil and a bandage |
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|
Term
| What are the three types of electrical burns |
|
Definition
| direct contact, arc injuries and flash burns |
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|
Term
| This electrical burn happens when electric current directly penetrates the resistance of the skin and underlying tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the greatest tissue damage occur with an electrical injury |
|
Definition
| directly under and adjacent to the contact point. |
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|
Term
| What part of the electrical injury poses the greatest threat to the patient life |
|
Definition
| the injury between the wounds (organs) |
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|
Term
| This electrical injury occurs when a person is close enough to a high voltage source that has current between to contact points near the skin overcomes the resistance in the air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common injury site for an flash burn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does electrical current pass through the body in a flash burn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This electrical injury happens when the heat of the electrical current ignites a nearby combustible source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does direct contact and current passing through the body cause |
|
Definition
| wide areas of coagulation necrosis |
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|
Term
| oral burns are common with these type of patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What generic vital signs are commonly found with electrical injury patients |
|
Definition
| hypertension and tachycardia, possible heart dysrthymias and seizures |
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|
Term
| Why do electrical injury patients sometimes have seizures |
|
Definition
| because nerve tissue is a good conductor of electricity which may result in seizures |
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|
Term
| why do electrical burn patients sometimes develop acute renal failure |
|
Definition
| damage to vessels leads to muscle necrosis which then releases myoglobin clogging up the kidneys |
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|
Term
| How can AC current cause a patient to have respiratory arrest and death |
|
Definition
| AC current can cause tetany fo the muscles of respiration |
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|
Term
| What is the most common source of radiation exposure |
|
Definition
| industrial radiography and non-destructive testing |
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|
Term
| What are forms of ionizing radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These radiation particles get stopped by paper clothing and skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the most dangerous form of internal radiation exposure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can responders protect themselves from alpha and beta particles |
|
Definition
| by wearing fully encapsulating suit PPE with SCBA |
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|
Term
| This is the most dangerous form of penetrating radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of Beta particles |
|
Definition
| they can penetrate subcutaneous tissue and normally enter the body through damaged skin, ingestion or inhalation |
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|
Term
| What are forms of nonionizing radiation |
|
Definition
| radio waves and microwaves |
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|
Term
| What is the term for the amount of emitted radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many rems would it take to kill 50% of the exposed population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This occurs when radioactive materials in the form of gases liquids or solids are released into the environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this term refers to the uptake of radioactive materials by body cells, tissues, and target organs such as bone liver, thyroid or kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This term is used to describe when all or part of the body is exposed to penetrating radiation fron an external source |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases are likely to develop after sever radiation poisoning |
|
Definition
| anemia and forms of cancer |
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|
Term
| Where should command set up when dealing with a possible radiation leak |
|
Definition
| 200-300 feet upwind of the site |
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|
Term
| To protect yourself from radiation, what are the for factors you need to know |
|
Definition
| time, distance, shielding and quantity |
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|
Term
| Is a person who has been exposed to radiation radioactive |
|
Definition
| no, only the residue poses a threat to rescuers |
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|
Term
| What does it mean for a patient to considered clean |
|
Definition
| that the patient was exposed but not contaminated |
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|
Term
| what does it mean for a patient to be dirty |
|
Definition
| it means that the patient was contaminated |
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|
Term
| Why does a patient go into shock after a thermal injury |
|
Definition
| it results from edema and accumulation of vascular fluid |
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