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| Monies that are budgeted on a yearly basis; for example, Congress may set yearly limits on what agencies can spend. |
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| A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. |
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| Administration Procedure Act |
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| Law requiring federal agencies to give notice, solicit comments, and (sometimes) hold hearings before adopting any new rules. |
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| Described as having a “confidential or policy-determining character” below the level or sub-cabinet posts. |
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| A job description by an agency that is tailor-made for a specific person. |
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| A clear view of an organization’s purpose and methods that is widely shared by its members. |
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| non-career executive assignments |
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| Jobs given to high-ranking members of the regular competitive civil service. |
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| The right of committees to disapprove of certain agency actions. |
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| Appointment of officials based on selection criteria devised by the employing agency and OPM. |
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| civil service reform act of 1978 |
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| Legislation passed by Congress that allows the president and his cabinet officers more flexibility in hiring people into higher-ranking positions. |
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| A personal attribute that has a clear effect on bureaucratic behavior. |
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| Agencies subordinate to Congress whose actions tend to have a distributional effect within the country. |
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| The ability of officials to make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws. |
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| office of personnel management |
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| This agency advertises vacancies, gives examinations to candidates or evaluates their training, and refers the names to an agency that might hire them. |
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| Appointment of officials not based on the criteria specified by OPM. |
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| Freedom of Information Act |
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Definition
| Law giving citizens the right to inspect all government records except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets or material revealing private personnel actions. |
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| A bureaucratic pathology in which agencies tend to grow without regard to the benefits their programs confer or the costs they entail. |
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| The mutually advantageous relationship among an agency, a committee, and an interest group. |
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| A requirement that an executive decision lie before Congress for a specified period before it takes effect. |
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| Describes when an organization has a clear view of its purposes and methods. |
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| National Performance Review |
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Definition
| It recommended streamlining government by emphasizing “cutting tape,” “putting customers first,” and “empowering employees” rather than by either strengthening the powers of the president or consolidating agencies. |
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| authorization legislation |
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Definition
| States the maximum amount of money an agency can spend on a program. |
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| Congressional supervision of the bureaucracy. |
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| Government appointments made on the basis of political considerations. |
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| Legislation that began the federal merit system. |
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| Agencies subordinate to the president that typically carry out policies that do not distribute benefits among significant groups, regions, or localities within the United States. |
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| A bureaucratic pathology in which complex rules and procedures must be followed to get something done. |
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| Formerly used by the Office of Personnel Management in order to hire and promote bureaucrats. |
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| Top-ranking civil servants who can be hired, fired, and rewarded in a more flexible manner than can ordinary bureaucrats. |
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| Describes when agencies consult with other agencies. |
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| A term used to describe when agency-interest groups are so close that the interest group seems to have become an agency’s client. |
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