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Definition
| Providing for the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to provide for their needs. Providing healthy, resource-conserving, energy-efficient buildings. "Green" building. |
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Definition
| Sustainable building; energy-efficient building. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total life cycle energy expended in extraction of raw materials, processing, fabrication, and transportation of a material or product to its point of use in a building; in some calculation, may also include energy required to dispose of or recycle the material. |
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Definition
| a law that specifies in detail how land within a municipality may be used. |
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Definition
| A set of regulations intended to ensure a minimum standard of health and safety in buildings. |
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Definition
| A code that is offered by a recognized national organization as worthy of adoption by state or local governments. |
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Term
| National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) |
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Definition
| The predominant Canadian model building code. |
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Term
| International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC) |
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Definition
| The predominant US model building codes. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the international Building Code,a definition of the types of activities that occur within the building or a part of the building, relating to considerations of life safety. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the International Building Code, any of five major systems of building construction that are differentiated by their relative resistance to fire. |
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Definition
| The time, in hours or fractions of an hour, that a material or assembly will resist fire exposure as determined by ASTM E119 (American Society for Testing and Materials). |
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Definition
| A wall that supports floors or roofs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heavy Timber Construction |
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Definition
| A type of wood construction made from large wood members and solid timber decking in a post and beam configuration; in the International Building Code, buildings of Type IV HT construction, consisting of heavy timber interior construction and noncombustible exterior walls, are considered to have moderate fire-resistive properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| American Society for Testing and Materials, an organization that promulgates standards for testing, materials, and methods of building construction. |
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Term
| International Residential Code (IRC) |
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Definition
| the predominant U.S. model building codes |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of regulations ensuring that buildings are accessible and usable by physically handicapped members of the population. |
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Term
| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
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Definition
| An organization that fosters the establishment of voluntary industrial standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| The copyrighted title of a uniform indexing system for construction specifications, as created by the Construction Specifications Institute and Construction Specification Canada. |
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Term
| Design/Bid/Build Project Delivery |
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Definition
| A method of providing design and construction services in which the design and construction phases of the project are provided by different entities, usually used in combination with sequential construction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The graphic construction drawings and written specifications to which a building is constructed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A construction entity with responsibility for the overall conduct of a construction project. |
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Term
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Definition
| A contractor who specializes in one area of construction activity and who works under a general contractor. |
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Term
| Design/Build Project Delivery |
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Definition
| A method of providing design and construction services in which the design and construction phases of the project are provided by a single entity, frequently used in combination with fast track construction. |
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Term
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Definition
| An entity that assists the owner in the procurement of construction services. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of providing design and construction services in which each major phase of design and construction is completed before the next phase is begun. |
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Term
| Phased Construction, Fast Track Construction |
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Definition
| A method of providing design and construction services in which design and construction overlap in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graphic representation of a construction schedule, using a series of horizontal bars representing the duration of various tasks or groups of tasks that make up the project |
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Term
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Definition
| The sequence of tasks that determines the least amount of time in which a construction project can be completed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Methods of construction and its management that emphasize efficiency, elimination of waste, and continuous improvement in quality. |
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Term
| Building Information Modeling (BIM) |
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Definition
| The computerized three-dimensional modeling of building systems, with the linking of model components to a data-base of properties and relationships. |
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Term
| Computer-Aided Design (CAD) |
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Definition
| The digital two-dimensional representation of building systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The graphic instructions from an architect or an engineer concerning the construction of a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| a construction type when an owner contracts with a single entity that provides not only design and construction services, but financing for the project as well |
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Term
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Definition
| depends on the detailed analysis of work tasks and their relationships to generate an optimal construction schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| new practice model that combines efficient project delivery methods with innovations in team member relationships in a variety of ways, with the aim of aligning all parties’ efforts with the shared goal of a finished product of the highest possible quality and value to the owner |
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Term
| 1.) Who are the members of a typical team that designs a major building? What are their respective roles? |
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Definition
The owner and contractor are the members of the typical team that design major buildings.
The owner wants to construct a building and hopes to achieve a finished product that meets its expectations for design and quality, at the lowest price possible. The contractor wants to produce a quality work, earn a profit, and complete the project in a timely fashion |
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Term
| 2.) What are the major constraints under which the designers of a building must work? |
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Definition
- Zoning ordinances
- Building codes
-Americans with Disabilities Act
- Fair Housing Act- multi-family housing
- Limitations on volatile organic compounds (chemical compounds that evaporate readily) |
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Term
| 3.) What types of subjects are covered by zoning ordinances? |
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Definition
- types of activities take place on a piece of land
- how much land can be covered by buildings
- how far buildings must be from property lines
- how many parking spaces must be provided
- total floor area
- height of building |
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Term
| What types of subjects are covered by building codes? |
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Definition
Construction quality
- Structural integrity
- Durability
- Livability
- Accessibility
- Fire safety |
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Term
| 4.) In what units is fire resistance measured? |
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Definition
- Measure in hours
- The fire resistance of a building assembly is determined by the kind of wall is and how close that wall is to other buildings. |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of a building that transmits structural loads from the building into the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent loads on a building, including the weight of the building itself and any permanently attached equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonpermanent loads on a building caused by the weights of people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on the building. |
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Term
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Definition
| A weight or force acting on a structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A force on a building caused by wind pressure and/or suction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A force on a structure caused by movement of the earth relative to the structure during an earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, or soil pressure against a foundation wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force of water or liquefied soil that tends to raise a building foundation out of the ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subsidence of the various foundation elements of a building at the same rate, resulting in no distress to the structure of the building. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subsidence of the various foundation elements of a building at differing rates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any particulate earth material, excluding rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soil with particles ranging in size from roughly 0.003 to 3 inches; sands and gravels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fine-grained soil with plate-shaped particles less than 0.0002 inch in size, which properties are significantly influenced by the structural arrangements of the particles and the electrostatic forces acting between them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soil with particles 0.003 inch or less in size; silts and clays. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soil containing decayed vegetable and/or animal matter; topsoil. |
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Term
| Frictional Soil, Cohesionless Soil |
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Definition
| A soil such as sand that has little or no attraction between its particles and derives its strength from geometric interlocking of the particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A soil such as clay whose particles are able to adhere to one another by means of cohesive and adhesive forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| A synthetically produced giant molecule, mostly based on carbon chemistry. |
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Term
| Well-Graded Soil, Poorly Sorted Soil |
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Definition
| Coarse-grained soil with a full range of particle sizes. |
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Term
| Poorly Graded Soil, Well-Sorted Soil |
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Definition
| Soil with less than a full range of particle sizes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special instance of a well-sorted soil in which the soil particles are mostly of one size. |
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Term
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Definition
| The level at which the pressure of water in the soil is equal to the atmospheric pressure; effectively, the level to which groundwater will fill an excavation. Also, a wood molding or shaped brick used to make a transition between a thicker foundation and the wall above. |
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Term
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Definition
| The depth in the earth to which the soil can be expected to freeze during a severe winter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The steepest angle at which an excavation may be sloped so that the soil will not slide back into the hole. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary vertical or sloping supports of steel or timber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Planks placed between soldier beams to retain earth around an excavation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stiff material used to retain the soil around an excavation; a material such as polyethylene in the form of very thin, flexible sheets. |
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Term
| Pneumatically Applied Concrete, Shotcrete |
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Definition
| A low-slump concrete mixture that is deposited by being blown from a nozzle at high speed with a stream of compressed air. |
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Term
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Definition
| A watery mixture of insoluble materials with a high concentration of suspended solids. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large funnel with a tube attached, used to deposit concrete in deep forms or beneath water or slurry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concrete cast and cured in a location other than its final position in the structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installed to stabilize a structure against lateral loads. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sloping brace for supporting sheeting around an excavation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tie, one end of which is anchored in the ground, with the other end used to support sheeting around an excavation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A posttensioned rod or cable inserted into a rock formation for the purpose of tying it together. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extraction of water from an excavation or its surrounding soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pit designed to collect water for removal from an excavation or basement. |
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Term
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Definition
| An exterior wall of a building whose watertightness depends on its freedom from passages through the wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| The above-ground portion of a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| The occupied below-ground portion of a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| A building foundation located at the base of a wall or a column, bearing on soil relatively close to the ground surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A building foundation that extends through upper strata of incompetent soil to reach deeper strata with greater bearing capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of a foundation that spreads a load from the building across a broader area of soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth compacted into place in such a way that it has predictable physical properties, based on laboratory tests and specified , supervised installation procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concrete surface lying upon, and supported directly by, the ground beneath. |
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Term
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Definition
| A space that is not tall enough to stand in, located beneath the bottom of a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reinforced concrete beam cast as part of a masonry wall, whose primary purpose is to hold the wall together, especially against seismic loads, or cast between a number of isolated foundation elements to maintain their relative positions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A beam, truss, or slab that extends beyond its last point of support. |
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Term
| Mat Foundation, Raft Foundation |
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Definition
| A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the building. |
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Term
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Definition
| A foundation placed at depth such that the weight of the soil removed is close to the weight of the building being supported. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cylindrical sitecast concrete foundation unit that penetrates through unsatisfactory soil to rest upon an underlying stratum of rock or satisfactory soil; an enclosure that permits excavation work to be carried out underwater. |
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Term
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Definition
| A helical tool for creating cylindrical holes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long, slender piece of material driven into the ground to act as an element of a foundation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Standing trees; a large piece of dimensional lumber. |
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Term
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Definition
| A machine for driving piles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A thick slab of reinforced concrete poured across the top of a pile cluster to cause the cluster to act as a unit in supporting a column or grade beam. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The forcing upward of ground or building by the action of frost or pile driving. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concrete that is poured and cured in its final position in a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stiff steel core placed inside the thin steel shell of a sitecast concrete pile to prevent it from collapsing during driving |
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Term
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Definition
| A device at foundation level that diminishes the transmission of seismic motions to a building. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of placing new foundations beneath an existing structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wall that resists horizontal soil pressures at an abrupt change in ground elevation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A synthetic cloth used beneath the surface of the ground to stabilize soil or promote drainage. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Crushed stone or gravel backfill materials with good drainage characteristics, place around a foundation to facilitate drainage. |
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Term
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Definition
| A coating intended to resist the passage of water, commonly applied to the outside face of basement walls or to the inner face of a cavity in a masonry cavity wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portland cement plaster applied over masonry to make it less permeable to water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Material acting as a barrier to the flow of water and capable of withstanding hydrostatic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| An absorptive colloidal clay that swells to several times its dry volume when saturated with water; the primary ingredient in bentonite waterproofing. |
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Term
| Negative Side Waterproofing |
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Definition
| Waterproofing applied to the inner side of a wall, acting to resist water passage from the opposite side. |
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Term
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Definition
| An impervious layer or coating on the outside of a foundation wall that, for reasons of inaccessibility, was installed before the wall was constructed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metal, synthetic rubber, bentonite clay, or sealant strip used to seal joints in concrete foundation walls. |
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Term
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Definition
| The submersion of a horizontal waterproofing system, usually for an extended period of time, to check for leaks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Semirigid sheet material used to cushion the outside of a foundation wall, particularly its waterproofing layer, from damage caused by rocks in the backfill material. |
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Term
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Definition
| A building foundation located at the base of a wall or a column, bearing on soil relatively close to the ground surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth or earthen material used to fill the excavation around a foundation; the act of filling around a foundation. |
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Term
| Controlled Low-strength Material (CLSM) |
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Definition
| A concrete that is purposely formulated to have a very low but known strength, used primarily us a backfill material. |
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Term
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Definition
| A slab of weak concrete placed directly on the ground to provide a usually temporary working surface that is hard, level, and dry. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence of construction activity in which construction proceeds downward on the sublevels of a building at the same time as it proceeds upward on the superstructure. |
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