• Old man
• sick man
• dead man
• holy man (ascetic)

1. Buddha
2. Dharma
3. Sangha

1. Anitya - change, impermanence
2. Anatman - no self/soul
3. Dukka - suffering

1. body
2. sense perception
3. emotion
4. thoughts
5. consciousness

1. Dukka
2. Tanha - suffering caused by desire
3. end suffering, and desire
4. release from suffering is possible

• steps taken to release oneself from suffering

• the cause, not the effect

• do not answer metaphysical questions

1. Vinaya Pitaka - "monastic" or "discipline" basket (227 rules for Monks)
2. Sutra Pitaka - "speech" or "discourse" basket (attributed to Buddha)
3. Abidharma Pitaka - "further teachings" (an elaboration by Monks)

1st Council (480 BCE) Monks reaffirmed Buddhist teachings

2nd Council (390 BCE) splits Buddhist theology =

• Strict Minority - life was Sangha
• Lax Majority - you don't have to be a Monk

Theravada

Goal of Theravada

• elders, original teachings, Monks (strict)
• Thailand, Burma/Myanmar, Sri Lanka

The goal of Theravada is to reach the status of arhat (arahat)

Buddha - "enlightened" (moksha/will not be reborn)

1. Do not lie
2. Do not steal
3. Do not kill
4. Do not have sex
5. Do not drink alcohol
6. Do not ingest food after noon
7. Do not endulge in public entertainment
8. Do not have money or possessions
9. Do not have a high bed
10. Do not be adorned

Madhayamika School of Philosophy

4 Marks of Reality

1. change
2. no self/soul
3. suffering
4. Shunyata - empty of permanent essence

12 step chain on dependant origination

pig = delusion

snake = hate

cock = greed

1. ignorance

1. fate or destiny
2. divine intervention
3. chance, luck

• none of these can be controlled

• illusion versus reality
• through the mind, we create our experiences
• delusion and enlightenment are products of the mind

1. Pure Land Buddhism

• Bodhisattva (Buddha Amitabha)
• celestial world Sukhavati (faith instead of karma)