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—A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them.
Founder of sociology
Emphasis on the social aspect of religion
Problem—more to religion than just social function |
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Religion would thus be the universal obsessional neurosis of humanity; like the obsessional neurosis of children, it arose out of the Oedipus complex, out of the relation to the father.
atheist who had a negative view of religion
believed God is an illusion based on an infantile need for a father figure
helpful to repress violent impulses would eventually be eliminated by science and reason
phycologist |
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Man makes religion, religion does not make man. In other words, religion is the self-consciousness and self-feeling of man who has either not yet found himself or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man, the state, society . . . Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people.
Marx was a dyed-in-the-wool materialist, whose key concern was economics
religion kept people oppressed by unfair economic and social forces and had to be done away with |
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The religious aspect points to that which is ultimate, infinite, unconditional in man’s spiritual life. Religion, in the largest and most basic sense of the word, is ultimate concern.
Tillich’s notion of man’s “ultimate concern” was quite influential over past century
—Problems
—Very broad—vague, neglects social, institutional aspects
—Emphasizes existential aspect of religion, neglects other components |
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Religion is . . . The feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine.
What can we take away from this definition?
Focus on the individual aspect of religion
Misses any aspect of the social nature of religion
James was a philosopher, psychologist, trained as a physician, considered the founder of American psychology |
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| Where do most Hindus reside? |
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How many Hindus worldwide? |
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What does the term Hindu refer to? |
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Refers to river/area in northwest India called the Sindhu |
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| Holiest sound in Hinduism |
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| What was the Indus Valley civilization |
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Thrived around 2500 BCE
Very advanced civilization (had indoor plumbing)
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Who were the Aryans? What did they bring with them when they entered Northern India?
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| War-like Nomadic tribes brought horses, chariots, sanskrit language and oral tradition of the Vedas |
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person’s innermost self or soul |
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What do Hindus believe about the cow? |
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| Sacred should never be killed |
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A story or narrative orginanally told orally. Sets basic relgious truths. Often involve events from beginning of time that describe how things started |
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Worship through simultaneously seeing and being seen by a deity by being in presence of its image
(sounds really messed up when put that way..) |
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a modern term that encompasses the ideology of Hindu Nationlism |
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| Members of Hindu priestly class |
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| the belief that acknowledges a plurality of gods but elevates one to a special status |
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| the continuing cycle of birth, death and rebirth |
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| action and the consequences of the action determines nature of rebirth |
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| liberation the final release from samsara |
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four caste classes in hinduism (brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras) |
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| a member of the warrior and adminstrator class (hindu class system) |
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| a member of the farmer and merchant class |
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| a member of the servant class |
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| worship usally offerings such as flowers incense or fruits in front of a image |
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worship involving light waving a latern in front of a diety (sounds crazy heres a lantern sky god) |
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worship involving light waving a latern in front of a diety (sounds crazy heres a lantern sky god) |
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| a sacred sound or sylabal used to focus meditation (example om) |
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| ultimate goal of budhissm sanskrit blowing out or exstinguishing |
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| What is the legend of the four passing sights? |
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| frail old man (ageing) man afflicted by disease a corpse and a happy monk |
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| between attachment and aversion not extremes |
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| What are the three marks of existence? |
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| impermance (things are always changing) suffering (caused y need to hold onto worldly things) no self (there is no you) |
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| What is the Noble Eightfold Path? |
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| right view right intention right speech right action right livelihood right effort right mindfulness right concentration |
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| What is Theravada Buddhism? |
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| represents original and authentic teachings of Buddha emphasis on monastic community hierarchy separates monks nuns from laity |
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| What is Mahayana Buddhism? |
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| Great Vehicle Gautama was an oridinary mancompassion for others bring others to liberation brings you to liberation |
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