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Buchanan Period 3
APStudent.com Terms 1051-1100
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02/20/2008

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Term
1051. Daniel DeLeon, IWW, Wobblies, "Big Bull" Haywood
Definition
DeLeon denounced populists because they believed in free enterprise. Haywood was the leader of the Wobblies. The International Workers of the World (Wobblies) were a militant, radical union. They favored socialism and opposed free enterprise. They were disliked by big business and less radical unions.
Term
1052. Pujo Committee
Definition
A committee formed to decide the fate of the Philippine Islands after the Spanish-American War.
Term
1053. Federal Reserve Act
Definition
Regulated banking to help small banks stay in business. A move away from laissez-faire policies, it was passed by Wilson.
Term
1054. Underwood-Simmons Tariff
Definition
October 13, 1913 - Lowered tariffs on hundreds of items that could be produced more cheaply in the U.S. than abroad.
Term
1055. Income tax
Definition
The first step toward building government revenues and redistributing wealth, a tax that was levied on annual income over a specific amount and with certain legally permitted deductions.
Term
1056. Federal Trade Commission, Cease and Desist Orders
Definition
A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy.
Term
1057. Clayton Antitrust Act, labor's Magna Carta
Definition
1914 - Extended the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 to give it more power against trusts and big business. It outlawed practices that had a dangerous likelihood of creating a monopoly, even if no unlawful agreement was involved.
Term
1058. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925)
Definition
Served as Secretary of State under Wilson from 1913-1915, he resigned in protest of U.S. involvement in WW I.
Term
1059. Arbitration Treaties
Definition
Negotiated by U.S. using arbitration, the mediation of a dispute, Taft promoted these agreements as an alternative to war in Latin America and Asia.
Term
1060. Panama tolls dispute
Definition
Dispute over canal toll charge between the U.S. and Panama.
Term
1061. Colonel House
Definition
He was openly pro-British and was sent to Europe by Wilson to mediate. He would tolerate no interference in matters of foreign policy.
Term
1062. Louis Brandeis (1856-1941), "Brandeis Brief"
Definition
A lawyer and jurist, he created the "Brandeis Brief," which succinctly outlines the facts of the case and cites legal precedents, in order to persuade the judge to make a certain ruling.
Term
1063. LaFollette Seaman's Act
Definition
LaFollette was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin. He protested the cruel treatment that sailors received and led the fight for this act.
Term
1064. Federal Highways Act, 1916
Definition
Passed by Wilson, it provided federal money to build roads. It helped to provide competition to the railroads' monopoly on public transportation.
Term
1065. Adamson Act, 1916
Definition
Wilson pushed passage of this act which mandated an eight hour workday and time and a half for overtime.
Term
1066. Smith-Lever Act, Smith-Hughes Act
Definition
1917-Established the U.S.'s first Food Administration with the authority to fix food prices, license distributors, coordinate purchases, oversee exports, act against hoarding and profiteering, and encourage farmers to grow more crops.
Term
1067. Virgin Islands Purchased
Definition
1917 - U.S. bought them from Denmark and built a naval base to protect the Panama Canal and to prevent Germany's seizure of islands during WWI.
Term
1068. Jones Act, 1916 (Philippine)
Definition
Promised Philippine independence. Given freedom in 1917, their economy grew as a satellite of the U.S. Filipino independence was not realized for 30 years.
Term
1069. Jones Act, 1917 (Puerto Rico)
Definition
1917 - Puerto Ricans won U.S. citizenship and the right to elect their own upper house.
Term
1070. Mexican Revolution, Diaz, Huerta, Carranza
Definition
Diaz was ruler of Mexico for 34 years, and caused much terror and bloodshed. Many people fled to the U.S. to plan a revolution. Huerta, in 1913, overthrew Diaz as dictator and had him murdered. Carranza was the leader of the forces against Huerta. The Mexican Revolution was an unstable situation that led to distrust between the U.S. and Mexico.
Term
1071. Mexican Migration to the U.S.
Definition
In the 1800's, Mexicans began moving north to work in agriculture. In the 1920's, they moved into the cities. Men outnumbered women. They faced racial discrimination from Whites.
Term
1072. "Watchful Waiting"
Definition
Often said by President Monroe during the U.S.'s isolationism period, when the U.S. was trying to stay out of the affairs of other countries in order to avoid war.
Term
1073. ABC Powers
Definition
1899 - Name given to Argentina, Brazil and Chile. They tried to maintain peace in South and Central America.
Term
1074. Pancho Villa, General Pershing
Definition
1916 - Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and Pershing was directed to follow him into Mexico. Pershing met with resistance and eventually left without finding Pancho Villa.
Term
1075. Archangel Expedition
Definition
1917 - U.S. sent troops to the Soviet cities of Murmansk and Archangel to reinforce White Russians (non-Communists). The U.S. troops did not fight Communists, but instead defended the ports.
Term
1076. "Sick Man of Europe," Ottoman Empire, Balkan Wars
Definition
Because the Ottoman Empire's internal authority had broken down, it was not able to keep order in Macedonia and Albania, and the Balkans were on the verge of war. After the second Balkan war, Bulgaria was forced to surrender much of the territory it won in the first Balkan war.
Term
1077. Triple Entente; Allies
Definition
Britain, France and Russia all had economic and territorial ambitions and they all disliked Germany, so they formed an alliance for protection.
Term
1078. Triple Alliance; Central Powers
Definition
Germany, Austria and Hungary formed an alliance for protection from the Triple Entente.
Term
1079. Loans to the Allies
Definition
During WWII, loans were offered under the Lend-Lease Act, which became law March 11, 1914. The U.S. spent $54 billion.
Term
1080. British blockade
Definition
Declared a loose, ineffectual and hence illegal blockade, it defined a broad list of contraband which was not to be shipped to Germany by neutral countries.
Term
1081. Lusitania, Arabic Pledge, Sussex Pledge
Definition
May 7, 1915 - British passenger ships were regularly sunk by German subs, but the Lusitania had Americans aboard and brought the U.S. into the war. Germany promised to stop submarine warfare.
Term
1082. Election of 1916: Hughes, Wilson, issues
Definition
The Democrats emphasized a program of domestic reform. Charles Evans Hughes left the Supreme Court to challenge Wilson, a democrat.
Term
1083. Unrestricted submarine warfare
Definition
This was the German practice of attacking any and all shipping to countries it was at war with. It annoyed neutral countries.
Term
1084. Zimmerman note
Definition
1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile.
Term
1085. Russian Revolutions, 1917, March and Bolshevik
Definition
After years of oppression, the peasants rebelled against the czars. The first government was democratic and weak, so another revolution overthrew that government and instituted a Communist government lead by the Bolshevik party under Lenin. Lenin pulled Russia out of WWI (The Germans may have aided his rise to power so they would not have to fight on two fronts).
Term
1086. War declared, April 1917
Definition
U.S. declared war on Germany due to the Zimmerman telegram and the attack on the Lusitania.
Term
1087. "Make the world safe for democracy"
Definition
Wilson gave this as a reason for U.S. involvement in WWI.
Term
1088. Creel Committee
Definition
Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty.
Term
1089. Bond drives
Definition
Campaigns to get people to but government war bonds to finance the war, people traveled around America selling them and it was extremely successful in raising funds.
Term
1090. War Industries Board
Definition
The most powerful agency of the war, it had to satisfy the allied needs for goods and direct American industries in what to produce.
Term
1091. Bernard Baruch
Definition
Millionaire, he headed the War Industries Board after 1918.
Term
1092. Herbert Hoover, Food Administration
Definition
He led the Food Administration and started many programs to streamline food production and distribution.
Term
1093. Espionage Act, 1917; Sedition Act, 1918
Definition
Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy.
Term
1094. Eugene V. Debs imprisoned
Definition
Debs repeatedly ran for president as a socialist, he was imprisoned after he gave a speech protesting WWI in violation of the Sedition Act.
Term
1095. AEF
Definition
American Expeditionary Force was the first American ground troops to reach the European front. Commanded by Pershing, they began arriving in France in the summer of 1917.
Term
1097. Black migration to northern cities
Definition
During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism.
Term
1098. Aims of Allies and U.S. at Peach Conference
Definition
Allies wanted Germany to pay reparation for costs of war. Wilson brought 14 points, but only one was accomplished. The harsh punishment sent Germany into a depression and aided the rise of Hitler.
Term
1099. Wartime manpower losses
Definition
WWI involved violent, modern weapons and old fighting styles. With so many men at war, nations needed other people to work in the factories and other wartime industries.
Term
1100. Fourteen Points
Definition
Wilson's idea that he wanted included in the WWI peace treaty, including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations.
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