Term
| Power Types: Bases of Power |
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Definition
Coercive
Reward
Reverent
Legitimate
Expert |
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Term
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Definition
importance
scarcity
non substitutable |
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Term
| Organizational Politics Definition |
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Definition
| Using power beyond formal role to gain rewards |
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Term
| Organizational Politics Reasons |
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Definition
scarce resources
different interests
ambiguous signals and performance
outcomes
technical and environmental uncertainty
organizational change |
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Term
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Definition
controlling info and communication
controlling agenda and decision making
parameters
game playing
impression management
building coalitions |
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Term
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Definition
Work specialization
chain of command
span of control
centralization/decentralization
formalization
departmentalization
function
self contained unit: product |
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Term
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Definition
Simple Structure
Bureaucracy
Matrix
Virtual
Boundaryless |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristics
Authority centralized in owner
Informal - lack of structure
Benefits
Inexpensive
Flexible
Costs
Inefficient
Dependent on owner |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristics
Functional departments
Standardized tasks
High Formalization and centralization
Benefits
Efficiency
Low labor costs
Costs
Coordination problems
Rule Bound |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristics
Functional and Product departmentalization
Two bosses
Benefits
Coordination across multiple products/projects
Efficient allocation of specialists/ professionals
Costs
Confusion and power struggles
Leadership skills
Stress |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristics
small centralized core
outsource major business functions
Benefits
Gain scale without mass
Flexible and adaptive
Quickly access new markets
Costs
Requires Trust
Loss of control
Hard to form and manage |
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Term
| Boundaryless of Horizontal Organization |
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Definition
Characteristics
Organize around core processes
Use multi-disciplinary teams to manage
processes
Owner for each process
Reduce vertical and horizontal
boundaries
Communication via networked computers
Benefits
highly flexible and business focused
reduces control and coordination costs
Costs
Difficult to implement
Requires new skills and methods
new information technology |
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Term
| Determinants of Structure |
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Definition
Strategy
Innovation
Minimize Cost
Imitation
Size
Technology
Environment |
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Term
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Definition
| System of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from others |
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Term
| Elements of Organizational Culture |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Culture |
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Definition
Innovation and Risk Taking
Attention to Detail
Outcome Orientation
People Orientation
Team Orientation
Aggressiveness
Stability |
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Term
| Culture's Role in Effectiveness |
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Definition
Efficient communication, coordination, and control
substitute for formalization
commitment to organization
success when fits strategy and competitive environment
liability when it does not |
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Term
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Definition
barrier to change
barrier to diversity
barrier to acquisitions and mergers
barrier when it does not match |
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Term
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Definition
Workforce
Technology
Competition
Social Trends
Political Trends |
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Term
| Types of Organizational Change |
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Definition
Reactive, Incremental: Adaptation
Reactive, Revolutionary: Re-Creation
Anticipatory, Incremental: Fine Tuning
Anticipatory, Revolutionary:
Transformation |
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Term
| Lewin's Three-Step Change Model |
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Definition
Unfreezing Status Quo
Movement to Next State
Refreezing Changes |
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Term
| Organization Development Goals |
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Definition
Improve organization effectiveness
Improve organization's capacity to solve own problems and change itself |
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Term
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Definition
Respect for people
Trust & support
Power sharing & participation
Openness to information |
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Term
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Definition
Human Process Interventions
Technostructural Interventions
Human Resource Management Interventions
Strategic Interventions |
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Term
| Sources of Individual Resistance to Change |
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Definition
Habit
Security
Economic Factors
Fear of Unknown
Selective Information Processing |
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Term
| Sources of Organizational Resistance to Change |
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Definition
Structural Inertia
Limited Focus of Change
Group Inertia
Threats to Expertise, Power Relationships & Resource Allocations |
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Term
| Overcoming Resistance to Change |
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Definition
Education & Communication
Participation
Facilitation & Support
Negotation Manipulation & Cooptation
Coercion |
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Term
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Definition
Differences in Organization Culture
Differences in National Cultures
Politics of Change
Ethics of Control |
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Term
| Traditional Change Methods |
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Definition
Management initiated and controlled
Problem Focused
Experts analyze and design solutions
Doers implement solutions
Rolled out as packaged change program
change is discrete event |
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Term
| Problems with Traditional Change Methods |
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Definition
Conflict between experts and doers
Lack of employee buy-in
Too rigid, not adaptive
Limited learning
May solve specific problems, but doesn't improve organization's capacity to improve itself |
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Term
| Managing Strategic Change |
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Definition
Felt Need
Vision
Action Learning Process |
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Term
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Definition
Involves multiple stakeholders
Innovation on site
Learning by doing
Continuous change, improvement and learning
Prat of normal operations |
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Term
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Definition
Taking Action to Implement Change
Collecting Pertinent Information
Diagnosing Progress
Planning to Modify Change and How it is Implemented |
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Term
| Learning to Improve Organization |
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Definition
| Action Learning Cycle Continually Improve Performance Over Time |
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Term
| High Performing Organizations |
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Definition
Organization Structure: Flat and Lean
Work Design: Self-managed teams
Information Systems: Open and distributed
Leadership: Visionary
Decision Making: Employee empowerment
Training and Development: Continuous
Selection Processes: Culture driven
Rewards: Performance and skill based
Culture: Strong and egalitarian
Workforce Accommodations: Plentiful |
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Term
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Definition
Traditional View
Human Relations View
Interactionist View |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Process of Conflict
(Five Stages) |
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Definition
Potential Opposition
Cognition and Personalization
Intentions
Behaviors
Outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
Prearrival
Encounter
Metamorphosis |
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Term
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Definition
Preparation and Planning
Definition of ground rules
Clarification and Justification
Bargaining and problem solving
Closure and Implementation |
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Term
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Definition
Diagnosis
Analysis
Feedback
Action
Evaluation |
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