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BSS ESC11 CH8-12 VOCAB
my first flashcard
23
Science
11th Grade
12/11/2008

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Cards

Term

carbonic acid-8

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Definition
 A weak acid (H2CO3) that forms from the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. Most rain water is a very weak carbonic acid solution formed by the reaction of rain with small amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Term

chemical weathering

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Definition
The breaking down of surface rock material by solution or chemical alteration. Common alteration processes are oxidation and hydrolysis.
Term

Creep

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Definition
slow, often invisible, movement of soil down a slope. 
Term

erosion

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Definition
A general term applied to the wearing away and movement of earth materials by gravity, wind, water and ice.
Term

exfoliation

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Definition
 A physical weathering process in which concentric layers of rock are removed from an outcrop.
Term

hydrolysis

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Definition
A chemical reaction involving water that results in the breakdown of mineral material.
Term

ice wedging

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Definition
Mechanical weathering process in which water freezing in cracks of rock wedges rocks apart.
Term

landslide

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Definition
A downslope movement of rock and soil over a failure surface and under the influence of gravity. Slumps, earthflows, debris flows and debris slides are examples.
Term

mass movement

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Definition
A general term used for any downslope movement of rock, soil, snow or ice under the influence of gravity. Includes: landslides, creep, rock falls and avalanches.
Term

mechanical weathering

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Definition
A general term applied to a variety of weathering processes that result in the particle size reduction of rock materials with no change in composition. Frost action, salt crystal growth and pressure relief fracturing are examples. Also known as physical weathering.
Term

mudflow

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Definition
A type of mass movement composed mainly of clay-size materials with a high enough water content that it flows readily.
Term

oxidation

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Definition
 A chemical reaction in which substances combine with oxygen. For example, the combination of iron with oxygen to form an iron oxide.
Term

parent material

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Definition
Rock material from which soil is formed.
Term

residual soil

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Definition
Soil that has the local bedrock as its parent material.
Term

soil

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Definition
Loose, weatherd rock and organic material in which plants with roots can grow.
Term

soil erosion

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Definition
Removal of valuable topsoil by wind or moving water.
Term

soil profile

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Definition
Cross section of soil layers above the parent material,usually consisting of the A-,B-,and C- Horizons.
Term

subsoil

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Definition
the B-horizon of soil that contains clay and iron oxides washed from  the topsoil.
Term

topsoil

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Definition
the A-horizon of soil, contains organic material, or humus, that forms from decayed plant and animal materials.
Term

transported soil

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Definition

Soil that formed from parent material left by winds,rivers, or glaciers or soil that itself was moved form its original location.

Term

weathering

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Definition

The process in which rocks are broken up by the action of water, the atmosphere, and organisms.

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