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BSS ESC11 CH 8-12 vocab
Chapter 8
20
Science
11th Grade
12/10/2008

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Carbonic Acid.

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Definition

The acid H2CO3, formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, known in the form of its salts and esters, the carbonates.

Term

Chemical Weathering

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Definition

The breakdown of the primary minerals in the rock to new secondary minerals.

Term

Creep

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Definition
The gradual movement downhill of loose soil, rock, gravel, etc.; solifluction.
Term

Erosion

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Definition
The process in which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of ice, wind, running water and sunlight.
Term

Exfoliation

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Definition
To come off or separate into flakes, scales, or layers.
Term

Ice Wedging

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Definition

When water infiltrates fractures in rock and freezes, the force of expansion is great enough to break
the rock into smaller pieces.

Term

Landslide

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Definition
The downward falling or sliding of a mass of soil, detritus, or rock on or from a steep slope.
Term

Mass Movement

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Definition
The downhill movement of weathered material under the force of gravity. The speed can vary considerably, from soil creep, where the movement is barely noticeable, to slumps, slides and mudflows, where the movement becomes increasingly more rapid.
Term

Mechanical Weathering

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Definition
The physical breaking down of rock, changing only its size (smaller); examples are ice wedging, plant action, and pressure unloading.
Term

Mudflow

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Definition
A flow of fine-grained, water saturated sediment in a stream channel. Common name for lahar.
Term

Oxidation

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Definition
The process of combining oxygen with some other substance or a chemical change in which and atom loses electrons.
Term

Parent Material

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Definition
The mineral or organic matter from which the upper layers of soil are formed.
Term

Residual Soil

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Definition
Soil that develops directly from weathering of the rock below.
Term

Soil

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Definition
The part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
Term

Soil Erosion

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Definition
The removal of soil by wind or water.
Term

Soil Profile

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Definition
A vertical section of the soil from the surface through all of its horizons.
Term

Subsoil

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Definition
The underlying layer which is immediately beneath any A horizon. It is the main B horizon (usually the B2) and is often encountered between 30-60 cm.
Term

Topsoil

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Definition
The top layer of native soil. This term may also apply to good quality soil sold at nurseries and garden centers.
Term

Transported Soil

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Definition
Soil not formed from the local rock but brought in from some other region and deposited, usually by running water or wind.
Term

Weathering

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Definition
A chemical or physical process in which rocks exposed to the weather are worn down by water, wind, or ice.
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