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BSS ESC11 CH 8-12 vocab
chapter 8
23
Science
11th Grade
12/11/2008

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Term

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carbonic acid

Definition
forms from the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. Most rain water is a very weak carbonic acid solution formed by the reaction of rain with small amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Term

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chemical weathering

Definition
The breaking down of surface rock material by solution or chemical alteration. Common alteration processes are oxidation and hydrolysis
Term

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creep

Definition
 Soil creep is the slow, down slope movement of soil under the influence of gravity
Term

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erosion

Definition
A general term applied to the wearing away and movement of earth materials by gravity, wind, water and ice
Term

exfoliation

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Definition
A physical weathering process in which concentric layers of rock are removed from an outcrop.
Term
hydolysis[image]
Definition
A chemical reaction involving water that results in the breakdown of mineral material
Term

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ice wedging

Definition
When water infiltrates fractures in rock and freezes, the force of expansion is great enough to break the rock into smaller pieces
Term

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landslide

Definition
A downslope movement of rock and soil over a failure surface and under the influence of gravity. Slumps, earthflows, debris flows and debris slides are examples
Term

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mass movement

Definition
Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. The detachment and movement of earth materials
Term

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mechanical weathering

Definition
Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks.
Term

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mud flow

Definition
A mudflow or mudslide is the most rapid (up to 80 km/h / 50 mph) and fluid type of downhill mass wasting.
Term
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Definition
In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound
Term

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parent material

Definition
Parent material is the material from which a soil forms
Term

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residual soil

Definition
the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved
Term
[image]soil
Definition
The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter
Term
[image]soil erosion
Definition
the washing away of soil by the flow of water
Term
[image]soil profile
Definition
a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent
Term
[image]subsoil
Definition
The layer or bed of earth beneath the topsoil
Term
[image]top soil
Definition
The upper part of the soil
Term
[image]transported soil
Definition
soil that has been trasported from various parts of the stream to other parts.
Term

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weathering

Definition
Any of the chemical or mechanical processes by which rocks exposed to the weather undergo changes in character and break down.
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